The purpose of the research is evaluation of modern taeniidae species diversity in the wild of Central Black Earth and their classification according to the hosts.

Materials and methods. Materials of authentic helminthological researches are at a fundamental level of present work. Animals’ bodies have received in Voronezh Reserve and in cross-border regions (Voronezh and Lipetsk regions) in 2014–2017. Helminthological materials of Voronezh Reserve parasitological laboratory over 1985–2013 years have also been worked out by us. Helminths collection have been conducted from more than 200 wild and domestic carnivores belonging to 12 species (common fox, wolf, racoon-like dog, eurasian badger, true otter, common marten, beech-marten, polecat of steppe, eastern mink, weasel, domesticated dog, cat) have been conducted according to the methods of complete and fragmentary helminthological autopsy (Ivashkin et. al 1971) Tapeworms were immobilized in 70% ethanol. Morphology and taxonomical researches of helminths have been conducted using microscopes MBS-10, Motic-SMZ161 and Biomed-6 with digital video camera. Indicators, mongraphic works and specialized articles were used for taxonomical diagnostics of tapeworms. Existing taeniidae classification is correspond to modern taxonomical indexation (Gibson et al., 2014; Lavikainen, 2016). Such parameters as prevalence, infection intensity and abundance index were used for evaluation of quantitative indicator of hosts' degree of infection.

Results and discussion. 9 species of Taeniidae were recorded in wild and domestic carnivores on experimental territory (Taenia hydatigena, T. pisiformis, T. martis, T. crassiceps, T. krabbei,T. polyacantha, Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus) including 8 species were recorded in wild carnivores, 3 species were recorded in domestic carnivores. 2 species are common for these groups of hosts (T. crassiceps, H. taeniaeformis). T. hydatigena, H. taeniaeformis, E. multilocularis, E. granulosus. have an important epidemiological and epizootological value on the experimental territory. These species under Central Black Earth conditions classified as natural focal helminthosis agent.

The purpose of the research is to study helminthofauna of Caucasian toad in vivo and in vitro.

Materials and methods. Researches were conducted in vivo and in laboratory setting (Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy). Fecal from mature animals catching in six places in the north Caucasus and Transcaucasia during April–May 2012–2015 were investigated. Specimen of animals contained in laboratory during 1–4 years after catching and born in vitro have also be analyzed. Method of sequential irrigation was used for detachment helminths and their ootids. Died animals were anatomized according to Skryabin's method. Total 200 fecal samples of bufo in vivo and 150 samples of animals from laboratory have been studied.

Results and discussion. Results and discussion. Eggs and adult proboscis worms of four species have been found in fecal of Caucasian toad: Acanthocephalus falcatus (Froelich, 1789), A. ranae (Schrank, 1788), Pseudoacanthocephalus bufonis (Shipley, 1903) и P. caucasicus (Petrochenko, 1953). Eggs of P. caucasicus were found in fecal masses of laboratory animals even in 4 years after catching. Helminths were not found in fecal of animals which were born in laboratory. Worms of four species were found in the process of helminthological autopsy of eight died species of Bufo caucasicus: Aplectana acuminata (Schrank, 1788), Cosmocerca commutata (Diesing, 1851), Oswaldocruzia filiformis Goeze 1782, Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788).

The purpose of the research is integration and classification of data on the species composition of the helminths with freshwater life cycles in the birds on the Barents Sea and analysis of the infection features of birds of different species, depending on the ecology of parasites and hosts.

Materials and methods. The material from 729 samples of seabirds belonging to 17 species collected during the period from 1991 to 2017 in several regions of the Barents Sea (Murman coast, Novaya Zemlya, Spitsbergen, offshore water, Pechora Sea) and in 2 regions of the western part of Kara Sea (eastern part of the Karskie Vorota Strait and Baidaratskaya Bay) was studied. The species composition of helminthes and quantitative parameters of birds infection (prevalence of infection, PI, and abundance index, AI) were determined. The statistical processing of the results using the Fisher F-distribution and cluster analysis by the "nearest neighbor" method using the data on PI was carried out.

Results and discussion. 30 species of helminths with freshwater life cycles (10 species of trematodes, 14 species of cestodes, 5 species of nematodes, 1 species of acanthocephalans) were found in birds on the Barents Sea. The greatest number of freshwater parasites is typical for kittiwakes and black-backed gulls (9 species each), purple sandpipers (10 species) and herring gulls (11 species). 5 species of birds (little auks, razorbills, Atlantic puffins, Arctic terns and Steller,s eiders) were not infested by these parasites. The most widespread were nematodes Paracuaria adunca and Streptocara crassicauda, found in 5 and 8 species of hosts, respectively. In birds nesting far from the coast (Heuglin's gull, purple sandpiper, king eider), parasites predominate, in which the role of intermediate hosts is played by freshwater invertebrates. For most species of gulls (herring gull, black-backed gull, kittiwake, glaucous gull), used in the breeding season as forage biotopes sea and fresh water, more characteristic of the presence of helminths in the circulation of which fish are involved. In birds that do not have trophic connections with freshwater biocoenoses in the breeding period (alcids, northern fulmar, common eider), parasites are most often found showing wide specificity to different types of hosts and a high tolerance to fluctuations in salinity and temperature. Infestation of this group birds by freshwater helminths occurs either with a prolonged stay in the desalinated areas of the marine aquatory, or with consumption of migratory fishes after their release into the sea.

The purpose of the research is a comprehensive study of the fauna of endo- and ectoparasites of dogs (Canis familiaris dom.) of the modern metropolis of Tashkent and their health and sanitary and veterinary importance.

Materials and methods. The collection of material was made from March 2016 till June 2018 in the territory of Tashkent. The dogs were examined during all seasons of year. In total 160 domestic dogs were examined. Collection of helminthes, insects and arachnids was carried out according to the known methods. The study and species identification of the parasites collected was carried out in the laboratory of General Parasitology of the Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. To identify quantitative characteristics of the dogs’ parasites, the intensity and extensiveness of invasion were determined.

Results and discussion. It was detected that a domestic dog of the modern metropolis of Tashkent has 21 species of helminthes belonging to the following three classes – Cestoda, Acanthocephala and Nematoda. Ectoparasites are represented by 16 species belonging to two classes – Arachnida and Insecta. The total infection rate of dog populations with helminthes made 93.7%, with ticks 65.6% and with insects 53.7%. The distribution of parasite communities depends on the specific ecological characteristics of the structure and functional features of the metropolis zones. Together with a dog its parasites such as ticks, fleas, lice, and blood sucking two-winged insects enter the urban environment, some of them can parasitize in humans. This explains the role of ectoparasites of dogs in the occurrence of parasitic diseases not only in other domestic animals, but also in humans.

The purpose of the research is to study fauna and dispersion of Homoptera attacked Salicaceae at the south-eastern part of Central Asia.

Materials and methods. Authors’ longstanding works (during 2008–2018) on research morpho-ecological characteristics of sugescent invaders conducted in different regions of south-eastern part of Central Asia (Andijan, Fergana, Namangan) served as the material for the research.

Results and discussion. It has been established that sucking insects (frog-flies, greenflies, coccids) referring to 70 species and 12 families of Homoptera class are attacked Salicaceae at south-eastern part of Central Asia. Potential Salicaceae invaders are greenflies Tuberolachnus salignus, Pemphigus bursarius, P. immunis, P. populinigrae, P. protospirae, P. vesicarius and Chaitophorus pruinosae and coccids Qudraspidiotus slavonicus, Drosicha media, Gossyparia salicicola, Lepidosaphes ulmi, Chionaspis salicis, Diaspidiotus ostreaformis and D. slavonicus. As distinct from leaf gall aphids (pemphigus) pachypleurous nucamentaceons plant galls Pemphigusimmunis and large pouch-like plant galls P. vesicarius forming on poplars branches and shoots remains unchanged also in winter months. Herewith greatly infected shoots become warped, get sleazy appearance and trees lose decorativeness.

The purpose of the research is to study parascaridosis epizootology in horses in different natural climatic zones of Chechen Republic, test of alben and ivermek efficiency against parascaris and study persistence of their activity.

Materials and methods. Generalization of parascaridosis in horses under Chechen Republic conditions has been studied and evaluation of alben and ivermek efficiency in the cases of parascaridosis has been conducted in 2016-2017. 1864 fecal specimen of 382 horses of different age-sex groups from farms of plain, piedmont and mountain zones have been studied. Fecal specimens have been studied according to Fulbourn's and Darling's method. Animals infected by parascaris have been divided into 3 groups of 14 animals in each. Alben was administered to the animals of the first group orally as a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight on AS, to the animals of the second group 1 % ivermek solution in a dose of 200 µg/kg on AS (1 ml per 50 kg of body weight). Horses of the third group did not get medication and were control. Supervision over efficiency and registration of persistent activity of medications were conducted on the principle critical test: 3 days before medication administration, every day during 1 week after dehelminthization and once a month during 5 months. Terms of detachment Р. equоrum eggs into external medium with feces were also taken into account.

Results and discussion. Prevalence of parascaridosis in different natural climatic zones of the republic varies and comes up to 23.42% in plain zone, 15.70% in piedmont zone and 4.85% in mountain zone of the republic. In prairie-steppe regions of the plain zone of the left bank of the river Terek as compared with the right bank the difference of invasion was 13.15%, with piedmont zone the difference was 7.72% and with mountain zone it was 18.57%. 97% efficiency of alben in the cases of parascaridosis in grown-up horses and in growing horses was established by us. P. equorum eggs were not detected in feces of broodmares after a single administration of alben within 5 days and in feces of growing horses within 7 days. The term of persistent activity was 90 and 120 days respectively. 1% ivermek solution showed the 100 % efficiency in the cases of parascaridosis in growing horses and in grown-up horses. Detachment of eggs from feces after dehelminthization by ivermek was finished on the 5–7 days after treatment.

The purpose of the research is to study spread and epizootology of trichinellosis in Pridnestrov’ye.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted in Pridnestrov’ye in 2014–2018. Potential trichinella hosts – mammals (17 species – fox, wolf, jackal, tomcat, wild boar, steppe polecat, shrew-mouse, hedgehog, sewer rat, house mouse, yellow-necked mouse, red squirrel, raccoon-like dog, domesticated dog, domesticated cat, domesticated pig) and birds (5 species – rock-pigeon, rook, sparrow-hawk, long-legged buzzard, gray crow) served as the material for the research. A total of 280 mammals and 47 birds were studied. Materials of the veterinary reports on trichinosis diagnostics in domesticated pigs (over 20 thousand carcasses) and wild boars (about 300 specimens) were also used for analysis. Diagnostics and identification of trichinella larvae were performed using the methods of compressor trichinoscopy and enzymatic digestion of muscles in artificial gastric juice. Prevalence was used to assess quantitative infectiousness indicators. Statistical processing of materials was performed according to generally accepted methods.

Results and discussion. Wild canine animals – fox, jackal and wolf are the main carriers of trichinellae in Pridnestrov’ye. Data analysis allows speaking about the circulation of the natural focus of this helminthiasis. Animals infected with trichinella are not registered in the northern part of Pridnestrov’ye. A high invasion indicator was observed in jackals – 25 and 22.2%, respectively, in the central and southern parts. A fox was infested by trichinella in small amount and only in the central part of Pridnestrov’ye (6.7%). The greatest invasion by trichinella was noted in a wolf in the central part of the region – 28.6%, and in the south of Pridnestrov’ye its infectiousness amounted only to 5.6%, which, apparently, may be due to a small number of this species in the studied area.

The purpose of the research is the analysis of the incidence rate of population and detection of characteristics of animals’ infection by Trichinella activator in Novosibirsk region.

Materials and methods. Research of epidemical situation on trichinellosis have been conducted based on analysis and data systematization of Authority of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing around Novosibirsk region about trichinellosis incidence rate of people during 2003–2016, as well as on the materials introduced in National reports "About the status of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population of Russian Federation and Novosibirsk region” for 2003–2016. The following criteria were used for evaluation of epidemical situation on trichinellosis – incidence rate parameter, long-time average annual incidence rate parameter, as well as grow rate parameter (lowering) incidence rate was calculated. Monitoring of epizootic situation have been conducted using data of Authority of veterinary science of Novosibirsk region.

Results and discussion. Surveillance studies certify that human and animals’ trichinellosis was registered in Novosibirsk region practically annually over the last 16 years. Dynamics of people incidence rate on trichinellosis in Novosibirsk city and region significantly overlap. Superior limit of diseased people was marked in 2004 and the inferior limit was marked in 2008. The incidence rate of population of Novosibirsk region varied from 1.93 to 0.04 and was average 0.4 per 100 thousand of population. Average annual rate of growth/ lowering of incidence rate over 5 year period show clear tendency to incidence rate of population. In the disease distribution portion of the rural population is 63.6%. The pig and the badger are the most dangerous among domestic and wild animals of Novosibirsk region in respect of human infection by Trichinella, trichina larvae were recorded in their muscular tissue in 71.1% and 15.8% cases.

The purpose of the research is to analyze epizootological and epidemiological place of sanguivorous dipterans in a climate of the Arctic.

Sanguivorous dipterans are widespread at the territory of the Arctic, are the carriers of dangerous animals and human diseases. Factors which promote mass distribution of diseases having vector-borne transmission route are worth of specific attention. Opportunity of insects to travel for a long distance are of great importance in spread of diseases. Range of gadflies, mosquitos and black flies flying away can come up to ten kilometers. Relationship between climate changes and extension of some insects’ geographic range to the north at present and in the near-term prospect are real and are monitored in many cases. Monitoring survey of fauna and ecological features of the sanguivorous dipterans of the northern territories is necessary in recent period, because these organisms are very dependent on the state environmental changes and even seemingly insignificant changes in conditions of the temperature and chemical content of soil and water can lead to changes in their species composition, population and displacement of major fenodata. Increase of air temperature, hatching multiplication as well as changing nature of water plants and lowering of salt content of ponds occurs as the result of climate warming that makes them more allowable for evolution of preimaginal developmental stages of sanguivorous dipterans. 

The purpose of the research is to study the epizootic situation on major helminthosis of different breed groups of pigs in Georgia.

Materials and methods. Genetical and craniological researches of Kakhetian pigs have been conducted according to common methods at the Institute of cytology and genetics of Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Science and at the subdepartment of live-stock animals breeding and genetics of Georgia Zooveterinary Research Institute. Searches of Kakhetian pigs were conducted in Akhmeta, Dusheti, Kvareli, Lagodekhi, Telavi and Tianeti disricts (East Georgia). Work on study of epizootic situation on pigs helminthiases was conducted in 2014-2017. Pigs at the age from 3 to 10 months were examined coprologically according to Shcherbovich's method in farming enterprises and in homesteadings.

Results and discussion. Now in Georgia ascariosis, oesophagostomosis, trichocephalosis and metastrongylosis are mainly generalized in pigs, their activators had infected 45.6% of examined pigs. It is worth pointing out that mongrel pigs (47.7%) were more infected by them than Kakhetian pigs (41.1%). Oesophagostomosis is all-pervasive and its activator has infected 34.7% of pigs. Extensity indices of their infection by other helminths species are significantly below. Kakhetian pigs are infected by ascariosis (1.6%), trichocephalosis (1.6%) and metastrongylosis (0.6%) less then mongrel pigs (16.1%, 4.7% and 5.1% respectively). As compared with the other helminths species wild boars were also mainly infected by oesophagostomosis (46,3%).

The purpose of the research is to study adaptative and neurological onsets in the behavior of animals infected by Opisthorchis felineus.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted on 10 buck rabbits orally infected by metacercariae O. felineus in a dose of 50 specimen per one animal. 9 health breeding stock animals were the control. Infection was confirmed by laboratory research of feces after 1.5 months with the detection of trematode ootids. The research of psychomotor reactions – somatosensorial, visile (photic), sound with evaluation of general animal reaction, their behavior and response of organs of senses was conducted after 4 months.

Results and discussion. Aggressively-destructive disorders were established in the primary reaction to contact, in which the two-phase behavior is established, a short phase of aggression, alternating with a long inhibitory phase. Anxiety state showing in disorientation of movements, head turning in combination with the reaction of exclusion has been established in infected animals. Disorientation, active motor behavior similar to attack (aggression), ears pressing was noted when applying photic stimuli. Absence of forced squeezing, the reaction of the third eyelid was observed when taking into account reactions of eye assist device on photic stimulus. Absence of suspension reaction, anxiety was established under exposer of sound stimuli in animals, presence of loginess and absence of the reaction. Thus, psychomotor disorders apparently associated with toxic hepatic encephalopathy and general subcompensated dysfunction of the nervous system was noted in the cases of opisthorchosis after 4 months.

The purpose of the research is to evaluate therapeutic efficiency of Gamavit in the cases of dehelminthization of puppies and kittens.

Materials and methods. Researches were conducted on 18 puppies and 20 kittens of different breeds at the age from 3 weeks to 3 months which had been divided based on analogues into two groups on each animal type. Precautionary dehelminthization was conducted for one part of animals, forced dehelminthization for the other part of animals (presence of helminths' ootids in fecal masses Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala, Ancylostoma caninum). Anthelmintic Dirofen-suspension was administered to animals of the first group orally as prescribed by instructions. Gamavit at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg was additionally administered as a single dose subdermally during dehelminthization of kittens and puppies of the second group.

Results and discussion. Vomiting, decreased appetite were noted in animals of control group (without administration of Gamavit) after dehelminthization. Visible adverse changes were not noted in animals of experimental group (with administration of Gamavit). Weakening of leukocytosis and lowering of ERS, increase in red blood cells and hematocrit level, descreased activity of transferring enzymes and LDH level were noticed in animals of this group suggestive of weakening of intoxication and inflammatory reaction. In contrast, increased activity of transferring enzymes and LDH level were noticed in animals of control group which allows to infer about persisting inflammatory events. Consequently, high therapeutic efficiency of Gamavit in the cases of precautionary and forced dehelminthization were elucidated.

The purpose of the research is analysis of data on the species and racial composition of pathogenic nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne in Bulgaria and Russia.

Materials and methods. The analysis of own and literary data on the distribution of root-knot nematodes on the territory of two countries was carried out.

Results and discussion. Five species of Meloidogyne both under open-field and greenhouse conditions in Bulgaria were established (M. incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. hapla and M. thamesi). They successfully develop under greenhouse and open-field conditions and invade vegetables and ornamental plants. M. javanica predominantly develops under greenhouse conditions, but in South-Western part of Bulgaria it reproduces itself under open-field conditions and is one of the usual species of plant parasitic nematodes there. M. hapla is widespread both under greenhouse and open-field conditions. First in Bulgaria race 1 of M.arenaria was found. Investigations of M. hapla race composition found statistically reliable differences (length of stylet, length of J2, some differences of knobs morphology). On the territory of Russian Federation five species belonging to Meloidogyne were found (M. incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. hapla and M. ardenensis). The first three species develop only under greenhouse conditions and damage vegetables and ornamental plants. M. hapla is distributed from the most North-Western regions of Russia to the North Caucasus It successfully develops on the roots of all except cucumbers. At the time being Meloidogyne ardenensis has been found only on the roots of birch tree. M. hapla is distributed on the territories of the two countries with numerous hosts and which is very important – it damages potatoes. The results obtained investigations of M. hapla race composition are important for choice of the best methods for prevention and control.

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of abiotic factors on the dynamics of the number of wheat phytonematodes in conditions of Uzbekistan Response of ecological groups of plant nematodes to changes in living conditions.

Materials and methods. To study the dynamics of the number of wheat plant phytonematodes and its root soil in the conditions of Uzbekistan, soil and plant samples were selected by the stationary method every month, starting from March to June during 2012–2016. To isolate nematodes, a modified Berman funnel method was used. For the presence of cyst-forming nematodes in the soil, they were analyzed by the Decker method. In determining the species of plant nematodes, an atlas of plant nematodes compiled at the Institute of Parasitology of the Russian Academy of Sciences was used, as well as morphometric parameters obtained using the generally accepted formula de Mann.

Results and discussion. In the wheat field during the growing season, 96 species of nematodes were recorded. A variety of species of plant nematodes both in the roots and in the root soil of wheat, the largest number of plant nematodes falls on the beginning of the study (March), then their density begins to decrease sharply and reaches a minimum at the end of the growing season (June). In the aerial parts, the number of species of plant nematodes occurs in the middle of spring (April), then in the following periods a decrease in numbers is observed. The smallest number is observed in the summer period before harvesting. The registered phytonematodes were distributed to the following ecological groups: polytrophs – 11 species, typical saprobionts – 4 species, devisaprobionts – 30 species, potential parasites – 43 species, true parasites – 8 species. Ecological groups of phytonematodes react differently to changes in living conditions. At the same time, the effect of environmental factors depended on the habitat of the plant nematodes.