Objective of research. The purpose of the study is to consider detection of Eimeria (Eimeria leuckarti) in horses in the Moscow region. Materials and methods. Samples of faeces were collected during the survey must reveal sport horses in ljuberetsky area of Moscow region before a scheduled deworming. Portion of samples was stored for months in a frozen state in the freezer. Faecal samples examined by flotation with  saturated sodium chloride solution and sedimentation by the method of successive washings. To determine the viability of oocysts the feces were incubated in Petri dishes in the thermostat at 25 °C study of the incubated samples were determined after two weeks, one month and two months. Morphological studies of oocysts, morphometry and photographic documentation was performed using a microscope with a digital camera. Results and discussion. During routine coprological survey of sport horses in ljuberetsky area of Moscow region one 11-year-old horse in the samples of faeces were detected oocysts of coccidia Eimeria leuckarti. The intensity of invasion in koproskopicheskoe tests was low; the samples were found isolated instances of oocysts. This is the first time the detection of E. leuckarti on the territory of the Russian Federation. See the full list of countries that have so far been registered coccidia of the species. We trace the development of oocysts to sporulirovannyh stage in the laboratory. In a thermostat at 25 °C sporulation time exceeded one month. Brief description of the morphology of oocysts at different stages of development. Highlighted are unique among the coccidia peculiar structure of the shell oocysts E. leuckarti is the presence of the characteristic fossa on the inner surface of the shell opposite the micropyle pole. It is believed that it can serve as species specific taxonomic characteristic.

Objective of research: the analysis of Coenurus cerebralis found in the brain of a bison from Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Biosphere Reserve of the Moscow region. Materials and methods. We have conducted the euthanasia and dissection of the brain of a bison calf due to manifestation of clinical neurological symptoms. Results and discussion: After brain dissection, a strange large dumb-bell shaped vesicle was revealed in the brain tissue. On the inner surface of the vesicle the protoscolexes of helminth were found. The surrounding brain tissue was significantly atrophied, cerebral meninges were swollen, and fissures were smoothed. To confirm the species belonging of the parasite, a part of surface with 50 protoscolexes was fed to a 6 mo. aged dog. 2,5 months later, Тaenia multiceps proglottids were revealed in dog’s feces, which confirmed the belonging of Coenurus cerebralis. It was found, that the bison might be one of the intermediate hosts for this helminth

Objective of research. Data on the species composition of the fauna of multicellular parasites and the infection rates of the pope ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus Linnaeus, 1758 from Mordovian floodplain of the Saratov reservoir (the middle part) are pesented. Materials and methods. 53 ruffe individuals were investigated in spring and summer 2012 – 2015 by incomplete parasitological post-mortem examination (Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, 1985). 19 species of multicellular parasites belonging to 7 classes: Monogenea - 1, Cestoda - 1, Trematoda - 11, Nematoda - 3, Acanthocephala - 1, Bivalvia - 1, Crustacea – 1 were registered. The largest group are flukes; more than half of species (8) are larval forms, which is the result of bottom living of the host.  The significant diversity of larval stages of helminths (8 species of trematodes and 2 species of nematodes) shows the involvement of the ruffe as an intercalary, supplementary and/or reservoir host in the circulation of parasites in fish, birds and mammals. 7 species of parasites infest the ruffe on the food chain; 12 species – using the active infestation way. Results and discussion. The studied parasite fauna contains one species narrowly specific for the ruffe (monogenea D. amphibothrium (Wagener, 1857) and 2 species typical for percoid fishes (cestoda Proteocephalus percae (Müller, 1780) and trematoda Bunodera luciopercae (Müller, 1776). 2 alien species Nicolla skrjabini (Iwanitzky, 1928) (marita) and Apophallus muehlingi (Jägerskiöld, 1898) (mtc.) whose natural habitat is limited by the rivers of the Azov-Black Sea and Baltic Sea were registered in the fauna of multicellular parasites of the ruffe from the Saratov reservoir. The most common ruffe parasites are Diplostomum and Ichthyocotylurus metacercariae metacercaria infesting fish by penetrating through the body covers. These metacercariae as well as Apophallus muehlingi metacercariae are pathogenic to fish.

Objective of research. The aim of the research was to investigate the anthelmintic efficiency of Albena and Albena in combination with T and b-activin a in experimental dictyocaulus lambs. Materials and methods. Test Albena with 20 % of albendazole and Albena in combination with T and b-a activin is carried out at the experimental dictyocaulus lambs in August–September 2013 on 18 crossbred lambs aged 4-5 months, free from infection, as confirmed by the results coprevalence studies by the method of Berman and flotation. Lambs infected with invasive larvae of Dictyocaulus filaria at a dose of 1000 copies/goal. by providing them with water for oral administration. In 30 days after infection the lambs were divided into 3 equal groups of 6 animals each and were kept in machines under conditions that prevent spontaneous infection of lambs. Lambs of the first group was administered individually orally Albin in the form of 20% of granulated powder in a dose of 5 mg/kg DW of 0.25 g of granules per 10 kg of body weight. Animals of the second group asked Albin the same dose and subcutaneously T-activin in a dose of 2 mg/kg once a day for 1, 3 and 7 days and bactivin in a dose of 5 μg/kg intramuscularly once a day for 5 days. The third group of lambs was used and served as control. The efficacy of the drug was determined by helminthological autopsy of the lungs of lambs 15 days after deworming. Results and discussion. Obtained a 100% efficacy of treatment of lambs with Albena in combination with T and b-activin. Albin at a dose of 5 mg/kg showed 92,3% effective against D. filaria imaginal. Interenvironment lambs of the control group was 23.5±2,4 EKZ/goal.

The anticoagulant effect of salivary secretion of ticks Argas persicus was studied. The experiments were conducted on aorta preparations isolated from the chest of white outbread rats. Isometric contraction in an isolated muscle preparation was registered by mechanotron. To determine the anticoagulant mechanism of blood plasma at deficiency of factors X, XI, IX and VIII we used the activated partial thromboplastin time. It was determined that the process of blood coagulation in rats slows down. The coagulation values depend on the concentration of tested secretions. It was found that at concentration 150 mkg /ml, the blood coagulation rate fell to 78,4 %. The role of calcium ions in regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contraction was determined. The components of salivary glands A. Persicus have a relaxation effect on the contraction of rat aortic ring preparation

Objective of research: To study the abundance of adult of flies and their larvae in a pig farm in the fall two weeks before the end of the production cycle. Materials and methods: The abundance of adult flies and their larvae was investigated in September - October 2015 at the pig farm "Kuznetsovsky" of Moscow region in two sow houses and one pigsty for weaned piglets two weeks before the end of the production cycle. To calculate the number of adult flies, we have placed in each selected pigsty the flytraps (sticky tapes) "Mukholov-Proshka" produced in St. Petersburg. The trap has an adhesive base containing rosin, rubber and mineral oil. Traps were placed at 1 and 2 m from the floor, six traps in each room. The number of adhered insects was calculated at the laboratory of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of animals and plants named after K.I. Skryabin, 24 hours after placement of traps. To calculate the number of fly larvae and pupae, in cooperation with the pig farm veterinary service the scrapings were taken from the floor with dimensions of 10 × 10 cm (six scrapings from each pigsty). Scrapings with the mass of 3-5 g were placed into individual plastic minicontainers with a particular number and delivered to the laboratory of the Institute for examination. Results and discussion: The study on initial number of adult flies and their larvae conducted two weeks before the end of the previous technological cycle showed a significant insect number at different heights from the floor. In the first pigsty, the number of flies in a flytrap (at a height of 1 and 2 m from the floor) ranged from 199 to 286 ind. calculated 24 hours after the placement of flytraps; the average number was 257 individuals. In the second pigsty, the number of flies ranged from 108 to 198 individuals; the average number was 147 individuals. In the pigsty for weaning piglets, one day after the placement of traps, the number of adult flies in one flytrap ranged from 162 to 286 individuals, and the average number was 249 individuals. The average number of fly larvae in one tested sample taken from the floor of a pigsty was 267 and 118 individuals, and in a pigsty for weaning piglets - 29 individuals.

Objective of research. The aim of the study was to explore the degree of contamination of pike and other fish species, plerosarcoidoma Diphyllobothrium latum in water bodies of the Baikal region. Materials and methods. In 2009-2014 was conducted parasitological study on infestation role of the D. latum plerocercoids of various species of fish. Just investigated 20 specimens of pike, 38 – burbot, 91 – perch and ruff 73 specimens in lakes of the North-Eastern part of Transbaikalia, located located in different districts of the Republic of Buryatia. The infection of fish with plerocercoids of D. latum were evaluated by extensiveness (EI), the abundance index (EI) and the intensity of infection (AI). Results and discussion. The pike infestation with plerocercoids of D.latum in lake. Goose in 2013-2014 decreased in 3 times compared with a maximum in 1973-1974 and was 0.8 % most Often, the D. latum plerocercoids are localized in the adipose tissue, the gonads, the wall of the swim bladder, liver, peritoneal epithelium, muscle, the wall of the stomach and the village-since respectively 40,9 %; 13,8; 9,1; 9,1; 9,1; 4,5; 4,5; 4,5 and 4.5 % of cases. In Transbaikalia the fish  parasitize three species of tapeworms, of which the epidemiological importance of the D. latum, D. dendriticum. D. ditremum in humans does not develop until the adult stage. In the region annually celebrate 150-450 cases of difillobotrioza in humans. In the basin of the Selenga river is-the reputed source of human infection by difillobotrioza are pike and perch, the infected with its goodAzerbaijani D. latum and the Baikal omul Coregonus migratorius infected with D. dendriti-cum. EI Baikal omul D. dendriticum is 62.3-100 %, and IO – 4,0-9,8 copies of This cestode is brought in the Selenga river from oz. The Baikal in the autumn spawning of Arctic Cisco. On owasco-FDI sample of human feces is impossible to distinguish the species D. latum and D. dendriticum. Probably in the Selenga region of Buryatia, there is a hotbed of difillobotrios caused by these two species of cestodes.

The forecast of epizootic situation on main animal helminthiases in the Russian Federation in the year 2016 is presented. Regular monitoring of epizootic situation on main animal helminthiases allow to conclude that the development of epizootic process at helminthiasis is affected by environmental factors: condition of pastures, water basins, weather and climate, especially in current pasture season, which requires the antiparasitic treatments.

The spread and age dynamics of mixed infections in 6 types of fish caused by Trichodina spp., Trichodinella spp. and other parasites are studied. The method of complete parasitological autopsy of fish was applied. The differentiation of fish parasites was conducted according to practice standards. During the examination of 100 fish of various types the following infection level has been determined: in carp – 52 %, European carp – 46, grass carp – 24, silver carp and trout – 28, bighead – 14 %. 29,4 % of fish were infected with ecto- and endoparasites. Trichodina spp. and Trichodinella spp. were detected in 18 % of European carp, 14 % of grass carp, 12 % of trout, 10 % of silver carp, 8 % of carp, 4 % of bighead. Of the total amount 26,8 % fish were infected with Trichodina spp., Trichodinella spp., Ichthiophtirius sp. and Dactylorus sp., 31,2 % – with Trichodina spp., Trichodinella spp., nematodes and cestodes. The infection caused by Trichodina spp., Trichodinella spp. was increasing with age of the fishes and made in tiny fish 6 %, fingerling fish – 10, 2 years old fish – 20, 3 years old – 30, five years old – 39 % at intensity of infection 19,2 expl./fish, 28,9; 36,7; 58,8 and 70,5 respectively. Carp fingerlings were infected with 2–3 species of Trichodina spp., 6 species of Trichodina spp. and Trichodinella spp. were detected in 3 years old fishes. A high level of infection leads to decreased productivity, condition factors of fish, technological, commercial and sanitary characteristics of fish production.

Objective of research: to perform the parasitological monitoring we have to study the parasite fauna in fishes from different fish farm factories, calculate the index of similarity, estimate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the ecosystem of fish-breeding reservoirs. Materials and methods: parasitological monitoring of factory fish farms was conducted by the method of complete and incomplete parasitological examination taking into account the data obtained from various fish-breeding reservoirs. Results and discussion: the parasite fauna of cyprinid fishes is represented by 56 species, carriage of causative agents of parasitic diseases in fishes is detected. Index of similarity of parasite fauna in carps has been studied and typification of agricultural reservoirs carried out. Index of  similarity between the parasite fauna in carp and herbivorous fish was 22–33 %, carp and rough fish - 18–30,7 %. Influence of abiotic (oxidability, reduction of oxygen and nitrogen ammonia concentration, mineralization) and biotic – anthropogenic factors (violation of processing technologies, veterinary and sanitary rules of fish transport and fish farming operations) on fish infestation with parasites was studied. The role of parasitological monitoring in prevention and elimination of fish diseases was shown.

The parasitic disease such as octodectosis widely spread in our country as well as abroad may cause significant economic damage. In fur farms of the Russian Federation the extensity of Otodectes cynotis infection is in the range from 35 to 85 % and in some farms reaches 100 %. Objective of research: to determine the efficacy of a new drug produced on the basis of levofloxacin, clotrimazole, dexamethasone, moxidectin used for otodectosis in foxes and to identify by histological examination the effect of the composition of active ingredients on the inner skin surface of the ear in foxes with otodectosis. Materials and methods: microscopic examination of scrapings was performed using abiotic research method of A. M. Priselkova. Histological sections were prepared according to the standard techniques. Morphometry was performed using the program ImageJ. Results and discussion: the results of clinical and laboratory studies of foxes at ZAO «Saltykovsky» have revealed that the rate of Otodectes cynotis infection in adult stock was 73,7 %. No complications and side effects were observed during the treatment. The 100% efficacy of eardrops was confirmed by two acarological studies. The article presents the description of histological preparations of the inner surface of the ears of foxes before and after treatment for otodectosis. Positive morphological changes in the skin were revealed. The optimal microstructural organization of tissue has been restored after using the drug, in particular, the total skin thickness has been reduced by 2.2 times compared to the values provided from the group of sick animals (otodectosis). Thus, it was found that there is a tendency to the regeneration processes of skin in the inner surface of the auricle of treated animals.

 Objective of research: to study the anthelmintic efficacy of the supramolecular complex of Fenbendazole used against different nematode species in sheep Materials and methods: Experiments were carried out on young sheep spontaneously infected with gastrointestinal strongylates (48 head), Dictyocaulus filaria (42 head), Strongyloides papillosus (21 head) и Trichocephalus ovis (24 head). In each helminthiasis, the supramolecular complex of Fenbendazole was given once orally to sheep from various groups at the dose of 3,0; 2,0 and 1,0 mg a.i./kg in comparison with the base preparation Fenbendazole at the doses of 1,0 and 3,0 mg/kg. Sheep which didn’t receive the drug served as controls. The efficacy of drugs was evaluated before and 18 days after dehelmintization according to the results of coprolarvoscopic examination by flotation and G. Baermann methods. The registration of drug activity was performed using the «control test». Results and discussion: Anthelmintic efficacy was studied and a therapeutic dose for the supramolecular complex of Fenbendazole produced by chemical mechanical technology using the Drug Delivery System was determined. In gastrointestinal strongylatoses the supramolecular complex against D. filaria. at the doses of 3,0; 2,0 and 1,0 mg a.i./kg showed the efficacy of 100; 93,4 and 78% , respectively. The efficacy of supramolecular complex at the dose of 3,0 mg/kg against S. papillosus was 100 %, and against T. ovis - 98,3 % at 10–13% efficacy of the base preparation Fenbendazole at the dose of 1,0 mg/kg. The therapeutic dose for the supramolecular complex at main nematodiasis in sheep was 3,0 mg a.i./kg.

 

Objective of research. The purpose of the study – screening of new chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of hexamita ornamental fish. Materials and methods. The test drugs were performed on juveniles of the discus Symphysodon discus a body mass of 15 g, spontaneously infested hexamitidae (Diplomonadida). 35 discus of the infected individuals were divided into 7 groups of 5 copies of the Fish 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6th groups were appointed in the composition of granulated feed, respectively pyrimethamine at a dose of 50 mg/kg albendazole – 50, fenbendazole – 50, mebendazole – 10, magnesium sulfate – 500 and metronidazole in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 5 days. Fish 7 the first group was control and received feed without the drug. The effectiveness was considered after 5 days after the last Dachi medicated feed. Fish were dissected, the intestines were isolated, which were released from the food pulp, homogenized, and were studied by optical microscopy at a magnification of 180 times. Results and discussion. The number of examined in treated fish compared with the control decreased after the application of metronidazole by 95.5 %, mebendazole – 77.8, magnesium sulfate, which is 74.5, fenbendazole – by 56.6, albendazole – 50.5 and pyrimethamine – 24.4 %. Advanced for further testing are mebendazole, magnesium sulphate, fenbendazole and albendazole. The most effective was a basic drug – metronidazole. During the test degradation of fish were noted. Food activity was moderate at the level of 2% of ichthyomass. In fish treated with metronidazole, mebendazole and magnesium sulfate, have improved the condition.

Objective of research: to study the caryopathic effect of bio-preparation Bacillus subtilis 12В on the status of spermatogenic epithelium of white mice after a single intra-abdominal administration of the Fasciola hepatica extract. Materials and methods: The investigations were conducted on white male mice after oral use of preparation Sporovite based on B. subtilis 12B; then the intra-abdominal injection of F. hepatica extracts at a dose of 100 mkg/head was applied. The protein extract from F. hepatica was administered to mice of the second group, and animals of the third group received only the probiotic Sporovite. Animals of the fourth group did not get the preparation and served as controls. 48 hours later the animals were killed; touch smears obtained from testis were stained by the Romanovsky method and examined under a microscope what enables to determine the mitotic index and the number of pathological meiosis forms. The experiments were conducted on lambs whose seminal vesicles were placed into a solution of 10% Formalin and examined histologically. 2-3µ-thick slices were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin by Van Gieson method and examined under a microscope at 50, 400 and 1000 x magnifications. Results and discussion: During the pathomorphological and caryomitotic studies of testis of white mice and lambs after administration of Sporovite on the background of intra-abdominal injection of F. hepatica extract the reduction of negative effects on the status of spermatogenic epithelium of testis in animals wasn’t observed. A decrease in mitotic index by 2-3 times and a high amount of pathological forms were registered. The number of metaphases with preterm chromosome disjunction under the joint effect of F. hepatica and B. subtilis extracts has decreased by half.

Objective of research. The purpose of the study is to test the effectiveness of anthelmintic helminthiasis of the digestive tract of cattle and to offer practices for the most effective of them. Materials and methods. Tests of anthelmintic held in LLP "Diet" West Kazakhstan region 40 animals, spontaneously infested strangulate of the digestive tract. Cattle were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each. Animals of the first group was administered ivermec 1% solution intramuscularly in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg at ET rate of 0.02 ml/kg Animals of the second group asked alot oral-suspension in a dose of 7.5 mg/kg on ET rate of 0.75 ml/kg of Levamisole was administered subcutaneously to animals of the 3rd group at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg at a rate of 0.1 ml/kg. Animals of the fourth group was used and served as control. The effectiveness of the drugs considered through 18 days after deworming according to the results Koprivshtitsa studies by flotation using counting chambers WIKIS and efficiency calculation type "control test". Results and discussion. In the first group the efficacy was 100%. In the second group, EE – 90%, IE-98,9%. In the third group EE-80%, IE-98,5%. In the fourth group the invasion of animals has not significantly changed and amounted to 108,1 beginning of the experiment and after 18 days of 110.4 of strongest. Thus, ivermec is most effective during the helminthiasis of the digestive tract of cattle.

Objective of research. The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of alvet-suspension when strongylatosis the digestive tract of sheep. Materials and methods. Test alvet-suspension was carried out in LLP "Diet" West Kazakhstan region 40 sheep, spontaneously infested strangulate of the digestive tract. Sheep were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each. The sheep of the first group asked alot oral-suspension in a dose of 5 mg/kg on ET rate of 0.05 ml/kg Animals of the second group was administered ivermec 1% solution intramuscularly in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg at ET rate of 0.02 ml/kg of Levamisole was administered subcutaneously to sheep 3-the third group at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg at a rate of 0.1 ml/kg Animals of the fourth group was used and served as control. The effectiveness of the drugs considered through 18 days after deworming according to the results Koprivshtitsa studies by flotation using counting chambers WIKIS and efficiency calculation type "control test". Results and discussion. Extendedrequest (EE) and intensifications (IE) alvita-suspension was respectively 90 and 96 %. 9 out of 10 treated Alvestam-suspension of the first group of animals freed from worms. In the second group, which used ivermec, worming released 9 of the 10 treated animals. EE and IE was 90 and 95 %. In the third group, which used the levamisole, the worms have released 7 of the 10 treated animals. EE and EI were 70 and 78 %. The low efficiency of levamisole compared with other drugs can be explained by the development of resistance to the action of strongest of the digestive tract, as this anthelmintic was used previously. During the experience the invasion of animals of the control groups were not significantly changed. Alvetsuspension 10 % in a dose of 5 mg/kg in a production environment is a highly effective drug when strongylatosis the digestive tract of sheep.

Objective of research: to study the inactivation of eggs of Opisthorchis felineus and Diphyllobothrium latum in the water by the narrowband ultraviolet excimer lamp radiation 222 and 282 nm depending on the surface radiation dose. Materials and methods: Helminth eggs were detected by the Kato technique. The revealed eggs were flushed into a plastic container with the distilled water and exposed to UV. The inactivation of eggs was confirmed by the method of optical microscopy. Results and discussion: It was found that the recovery of helminth eggs from water was 40-70% more efficient by using UV radiation at 222 nm than at 282 nm. In addition, the surface radiation dose at 222 nm (up to 5 mJ/cm2) was one order less than at 282 nm (up to 100 mJ/cm2). Up to 30 % of the initial amount of Opisthorchis felineus eggs were inactivated at 282 nm surface radiation dose (up to 100 mJ/cm2). Up to 85 % of the initial quantity of Opisthorchis felineus eggs were inactivated at 222 nm radiation on the water surface (up to 5 mJ/cm2). Up to 56 % of Diphyllobothrium latum eggs were inactivated at the comparable 222 nm surface radiation dose.  Due to the higher photon energy, the more intensive shortwave radiation at 222 nm breaks shells of Opisthorchis felineus eggs more effectively. We have a reason to suppose that some features of Diphyllobothrium latum egg shells make its inactivation at 222 nm less efficient in comparison with the inactivation of Opisthorchis felineus eggs at the same wavelength of radiation.

Objective of research: to determine the toxicological properties of the preparation Cyflunit- Flock under acute experimental conditions at oral and subcutaneous administration routes to laboratory animals. Materials and methods: White outbred mice and white outbred rats of both genders were used for testing. Each dose of the preparation was tested on groups of males and females to identify the eventual sex differences in drug-responsiveness. In experiment on mice, animals were divided into 5 groups of 10 animals each. The medicine was given orally at the doses of 4350, 8700, 13050, 17400 and 21750 mg a.i./kg. In experiment on rats, 4 experimental male and 4 female groups were formed (6 animals in each). The drug was given orally at the doses of 17400 and 21750, 26100 and 30450 mg a.i./kg. While studying the acute cutaneous toxicity, Cyflunit- Flock was applied at the doses 870, 1740, 4350 and 8700 mg a.i./kg in 4 experimental groups of male and 4 groups of female rats of 6 animals each. Observations of general health status, behavior of animals, intoxication symptoms and eventual death of animals were conducted within 14 days. Results and discussion: LD50 of Cyflunit-Flock at oral administration to mice of both genders was 12180 mg/kg, at oral administration to male rats - 22475 mg/kg, to female rats - 23925 mg/kg. At cutaneous use of the preparation in rats, LD50 was more than 8700 mg/kg. According to the standard hygienic classification, the preparation belongs to the 4th hazard class (low-hazard substances)