The purpose of the research is to obtain information on the taxonomic composition of parasites of Sika deer (Cervus nippon) living in the Land of the Leopard National Park and neighboring territories.

Materials and methods. Thirteen Sika deer that died from various causes in the Land of the Leopard National Park and neighboring territories (the southwest of Primorsky Krai, Russian Far East) from December 2021 to April 2024 were examined. The taxonomic affiliation of detected parasites was determined by morphological peculiarities.

Results and discussion. All the Sika deer examined were found to have nematodes, with trichostrongylids of the species Spiculopteragia asymmetrica predominating. Single specimens of the spirurids Pygarginema skrjabini were also found in four animals. The trichostrongylids Ashworthius sidemi were found in two deer. In addition, a trematode from the Paramphistomidae family was recorded. The deer keds Lipoptena cervi were also found on one of the deer.

The purpose of the research is to study of the fauna of helminths of the pine marten (Martes martes) in the Ryazan region.

Materials and methods. The material for the work was carcasses or individual organs of the pine marten, delivered from the territory of hunting grounds of the Ryazan region, obtained as a result of licensed hunting. Whole carcasses were examined by the method of complete helminthological dissection, in case of receipt of individual organs, an incomplete dissection was performed. The material from 91 animals was examined.

Results and discussion. According to the results of helminthological examination of the pine martens 23 species of parasites were identified: 13 species of nematodes, 2 species of cestodes, 6 trematodes and 2 acanthocephalans. All examined animals were infected (100%). The following nematodes were found in the gastrointestinal tract: Aonchotheca putorii (86.6%), Molineus patens (13.4%), Strongyloides martis (4.9%); cestodes Taenia martis (15.4%), Mesocestoides lineatus (1.2%); acanthocephalans Centrorhynchus sp. (19.5%); trematodes Isthmiophora melis (29.3%), Apophallus donicus (9.8%). Three species of trematodes were found in the liver: Metorchis bilis (6.8%), Pseudamphystomum truncatum (5.1%) and Opisthorchis felineus (1.7%). The paranal glands contained nematodes Capillaria paranalis (55.3%). In the lungs and trachea, 5 species of nematodes were found: Eucoleus aerophilus (96.4%), Filaroides martis (50.6%), Sobolevingylus skrjabini (36.1%), Crenosoma petrovi (25.3%), Aelurostrongylus falciformis (2.4%). In the nasal cavity of 73.1% of martens, the nematode Skrjabingylus petrowi was found. In the urinary bladder of 40.9% of martens, there were nematodes Pearsonema mucronata. In the muscle tissue, Trichinella were found in 6.8% of martens. Alaria larvae were found in the connective tissue of 15.4% of martens. The most common are Eu. aerophilus (96.4%), Ao. putorii (86.6%) and Skr. petrowi (73.1%). High infection rates in the natural environment indicate the formation of stable foci of parasitosis in the region.

The purpose of the research is to study epizootological features of canine babesiosis in the Volgograd Region.

Materials and methods. The epizootological situation on canine babesiosis in the Volgograd Region was studied in 2019 2024. Babesiosis was diagnosed based on anamnestic data, clinical study results, and laboratory diagnostics. Blood for smears was taken from the tail vessels in puppies, and ear blood vessels in adult dogs. Smears were fixed with methylene alcohol and stained by the Romanowsky-Giemsa staining, and statistical materials from Volgograd and Volgograd Region veterinary clinics were analyzed.

Results and discussion. Results of clinical and laboratory examinations of dogs in the Volgograd Region show that babesiosis annually occur as two outbreaks from April to May; a less pronounced outbreak is from October to November. The infection prevalence was 3.22–4.04% in the study of dogs’ blood smears. The current situation was analyzed for canine babesiosis in the Volgograd Region over the past 6 years, from 2019 to 2024. This disease has a major effect on dog breeding, since it has taken an atypical form in recent years and can even occur in the winter months. The largest number of patients with babesiosis was in the age group of 1 to 4 years (41.0%); slightly less, in the group over 4 years (31.9%); and the smallest number, under 1 year (27.1%).

The purpose of the research is to study the distribution of Trichinella pseudospiralis larvae in various muscles of experimentally infected laying hens (Gallus gallus). To analyze the available methods for postmortem diagnostics of trichinellosis by trichinelloscopy (CT) and sedimentation after digestion (peptolysis) caused by T. pseudospiralis in birds with the clarified location of such larvae in muscle tissue and identified particularly affected muscle groups.

Materials and methods. The analog method formed experimental groups that were given T. pseudospiralis larvae isolate at a dose of 2 specimens/g of body weight. T. pseudospiralis larvae used for experimental infection of the poultry were initially isolated from muscle tissue of wild felines and maintained in laboratory animals. To determine the number of T. pseudospiralis larvae distributed in the birds’ muscles at 4.5 months after the experimental infection, the laying hens from the experimental group were euthanatized. For diagnostic purposes, head and esophagus muscles, intercostal muscles, and crura of diaphragm were examined; the CT method was used with photographs taken with Vision Bio equipment, 2014. The birds’ pectoral muscles and the muscles of the neck were examined separately by dissection. The study objects were microscopically examined at ×20 and ×80 magnification. The obtained data were processed using standard MS Excel and Statgraphics packages.

Results and discussion. The CT method revealed that T. рseudospiralis larvae were highly heterogeneously located in the birds’ muscles. This was noted when sections were made from one localization both within one muscle group and in different groups of the studied muscles. The greatest number of larvae was found in the head and the tongue muscles in the laying hens (3.70±0.50 and 5.20±0.30 specimens) in one section, and a smaller number in the muscles of the neck and intercostal muscles. CT and peptolysis of muscle tissue in artificial gastric juice used for postmortem diagnostics of trichinellosis caused by T. spiralis and T. рseudospiralis are quite reliable and allow for detecting infection sources and preventing dangerous zoonosis in humans. These methods can be used for trichinellosis research, including antigen production, studying the anthelmintic sensitivity in larvae, and as laboratory models.

The purpose of the research is to study the biochemical composition and mapping of the main protein peaks of the total somatic extract from Trichinella spiralis larvae isolated from the muscle tissue of infected rats and mice.

Materials and methods. The experiments were conducted on mature outbred rats and mice (males). To obtain the somatic extract, the animals were infected with T. spiralis larvae intragastrically at a rate of 10 larvae per 1 g of body weight. The extract was prepared from Trichinella sp. larvae isolated from the carcasses of the infected rats and mice. A study was conducted of the biochemical composition of the protein extract of T. spiralis isolated from the muscle tissue of infected rats; 25 parameters were determined. In a comparative aspect, the mapping was completed for definitive protein ions in total somatic Trichinella sp. extracts obtained from two types of laboratory animals, rats, and mice using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).

Results and discussion. Total and direct bilirubin, urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, glucose, triglycerides and electrolytes were found in the total somatic extract of T. spiralis; the activity of a number of enzymes (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamine transferase) was also detected. All detected metabolites were at a lower level (or absent) versus the reference values of the healthy rats’ blood except for higher creatinine in the Trichinella sp. extract. The results of mapping definitive protein ions in two somatic extract samples obtained from larvae isolated from muscle tissue of the infected rats and mice indicate high similarity to conclude that the proteins of these extracts are structurally close.

The purpose of the research is to analyze biochemical blood parameters in the chronic opisthorchosis stage in long-term infection in a compensation status by the example of the rabbit.

Materials and methods. The experiment compared the control and experimental groups of sexually mature rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus), 10 animals each. The rabbits were infected with 50 metacercariae of Opisthorchis felineus S. Rivolta, 1884. Five years after infection, a biochemical analyzer determined glucose, creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio, total calcium and phosphorus, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin to globulin ratio, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamine transferase, bilirubin, and cholesterol in the animals' blood plasma.

Results and discussion. The blood plasma in the experimental rabbits was found to have statistically significantly increased urea, the urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio, albumins, and the albumins to globulins ratio versus the control group. Glucose, creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol were higher in the experimental group. The data were not statistically significant. On the contrary, the amount of globulins, alanine aminotransferase, total protein and total bilirubin was lower versus the control group. The evaluation of bilirubin fractions between the groups found a lower indirect fraction versus the control. The data analysis results developed a diagnostic panel where probable involvement in the pathological process was assessed for the host's organs and systems using the example of O. felineus infection based on the values of biochemical blood parameters. The biochemical blood parameters in the chronic stage of opisthorchosis were normal or deviated slightly in a comprehensive snapshot analysis.

The purpose of the research is to assess and economically justify the use of anthelmintics against helminthosis in horses.

Materials and methods. The activity of the anthelmintic action of drugs against helminthosis in horses was studied, and a comparative analysis and cost calculation were performed in 2017 to 2025. One hundred and seventy-six Orlov, Russian trotting, Trakehner, Budyonny, Akhal-Teke, English Sport and local horses of different age and gender category, use, and type were examined. The results were processed statistically using Statistica 6.1 and Microsoft Excel software.

Results and discussion. It was found that a highly effective and least expensive drug used against helminthosis in horses is a Gelmioks composition form that is advantageous in the composition form (no need for additional labor and time costs to calculate a dose per animal) and ease of use.

The purpose of the research is to study economic damage caused by spontaneous eimeriosis in young turkeys.

Materials and methods. On a turkey farm in the Moscow Region that had an adverse situation on eimeriosis in young turkeys, the infection spread among birds of different age groups, environmental contamination with eimeria oocysts, and species identification of eimeria oocysts parasitizing young turkeys were studied. The main types of economic damage were determined from spontaneous eimeriosis in young turkeys on this farm with setting necessary coefficients. Turkeys were considered to have died from eimeriosis when their carcasses had changes in the intestines typical to eimeriosis, and the number of oocysts in 1 g of intestinal contents was more than 20 thousand specimens. The damage from decreased productivity was determined based on the results of weighing spontaneously infected young turkeys versus the control birds free from the infection.

Results and discussion. Based on the obtained data, the infection rates of eimeriosis among young female turkeys were determined to be 0.33, and 0.265 among males. The mortality rate among affected females was 0.2, and 0.18 among males. The damage from eimeriosis was RUB 728.8 per 1 dead bird in females, and RUB 1,399 in males. The damage from decreased productivity was RUB 161.3 per 1 bird in female turkeys infected with eimeriosis, and RUB 181.4 in males.

The purpose of the research is modification of albendazole (ABZ) properties due to the formation amorphous mixtures with carboxylic acids and evaluation of their anthelmintic activity.

Materials and methods. Amorphous mixtures of ABZ with carboxylic acids (citric, succinic, p-toluenesulfonic and oxalic) were obtained according to the method described by Shete A.S. et al. (2019) with minor modification and expansion of the spectrum of carboxylic acids. The obtained amorphous mixtures were characterized by water solubility and ABZ content by high-performance liquid chromatography. IR spectroscopy method was used to prove the formation of target products. The anthelmintic activity of ABZ amorphous mixtures with organic acids in 1 : 1 ratio was studied on 80 white mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis. Various mixtures of anthelmintic were administered into the stomach of mice of experimental groups at a dose of 2 mg/kg of active substance (AS). ABZ substance was used as a basic drug at a dose of 2 mg/kg of AS. The animals of the control group did not receive the drugs. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on the fourth day after drugs administration. The anthelmintic activity of the drugs was assessed based on the results of the helminthological necropsy of the mice intestines, and the efficacy was calculated according to the “control test”.

Results and discussion. An increase in the solubility of the obtained amorphous mixtures of ABZ with carboxylic acids was established, the highest indices were noted for mixtures of ABZ with citric and para-toluenesulfonic acids. IR analysis confirmed the formation of salt-like products. It was established that the efficacy of amorphous mixtures of ABZ is higher than the activity of the basic drug (31.22%) in experimental trichinellosis, in particular, salt forms of albendazole with p-toluenesulfonic acid obtained after joint grinding showed 69.25%; amorphous mixtures with citric acid obtained after boiling in isopropanol showed 68.24% activity. Thus, when ABZ is modified with organic acids, its physicochemical properties change and its biological activity changes towards an increase.

The purpose of the research is to study the therapeutic efficacy of antiparasitic Doramectin against nematodosis and arachnoentomosis in sheep.

Materials and methods. The research was performed on a sheep farm on the Romanov sheep (ewes and ewe lambs). Clinical, helminthological (coproovoscopic, larvoscopic), acarological and entomological studies were implemented using standard methods (routine examination, thermometry, and sequential washing, Shcherbovich, Fülleborn, Berman, Weid, and nematode larvae cultivation methods, and microscopic examination of skin scrapings with preliminary detergent treatment). Microscopic equipment used: Biolam, MBS-10, 6x hand magnifying glass. The studied parasitocide Doramectin® (AVZ S.-P.) injection solution is a class of macrocyclic lactones, has a broad spectrum of nematocidal, acaricidal and insecticidal effect, and is used intramuscularly at a dose of 1 mL per 50 kg of live weight (active substance, 10 mg in 1 mL) and remains in a therapeutic concentration in the animal body for up to 28 days.

Results and discussion. The results of the initial laboratory analysis, including helminthological, acarological and entomological study data confirmed a mixed form of gastrointestinal and pulmonary strongylatosis (mulleriosis), strongyloidosis, chorioptosis and melophagosis in sheep. Clinical examination of the animals in the experimental groups showed positive recovery dynamics for three weeks after the initial and repeated therapy courses. Laboratory studies of the ewes and ewe lambs only detected gastrointestinal nematode eggs and larvae in two of 32 cases (EE = 93.8%) on day 8-12 and 15-18, respectively, after a single and double administration of Doramectin. Larvae of protostrongylids Muellerius capillaris and blood flies Melophagus ovinus were not detected (EE = 100%), and mange mites Chorioptes spp. were only detected in one case out of 11 (EE = 91%).

The purpose of the research is to describe changes in the sanogenetic status of the organism of Hysex White laying hens with dermanyssosis as associated with deacarization with a new D-cyphenothrin, piperonyl butoxide and pyriproxyfenbased insectoacaricide.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted in the industrial sector; an average tick infestation with Dermanyssus gallinae was found in a poultry building where 20-month-old Hysex White hens were kept. Then, five laying hens with dermanyssosis from this building were transported to the Podolsk Experimental Production Base of the VNIIP. Blood samples were collected from the birds before treatment and at 15 and 30 days after double treatment (7-day interval) with 0.005% aqueous emulsion of a D-cyphenothrin, piperonyl butoxide and pyriproxyfen-based product. The building and the birds were treated by fine-droplet spraying at a rate of 25–50 mL/m². Some blood parameters were studied over time.

Results and discussion. The treatments were associated with an improved overall health status of the hens, increased synthetic activity of the thyroid gland, stabilized oxidative stress indicators, normalized morpho-physiological blood parameters, and intensified carbohydrate and energy balance, and lipid and protein metabolism as compared to their state in the industrial sector before the treatments. The blood changes in the hens after the treatment reflected the activation of a complex of adaptive and restorative mechanisms in their organism. The hens had no feathers before the treatments, but within one month after the treatments, three out of five birds had almost completely restored their plumage, while the rest still had bold areas on the skin. Thus, the new insectoacaricide is effective against D. gallinae and has no negative effect on laying hens, while sanogenetic mechanisms for homeostasis stabilization are activated in their organism.

The purpose of the research is to identify strains of parasitic nematodes Teladorsagia circumcincta resistant to benzimidazole anthelmintics using molecular genetic methods.

Materials and methods. Animals: The Southern sheep aged 8 to 12 months. Parasitic nematodes of the family Trichostrongylidae were isolated from sheep abomasums. Male and female nematodes were preserved in separate labeled Eppendorf tubes at -20 ^оС. Molecular genetic testing. Native genomic DNA was isolated using a commercial kit DNA-Extran-2 (Synthol, Moscow) for DNA extraction from microgram quantities of tissues. Nested PCR. For DNA amplification, a T-100 BioRad thermal cycler and a commercial Master Mix reagent kit, Evrogen, were used.  The resulting DNA fragments were used as the main component for a restriction reaction with RsaI endonuclease (SibEnzyme, Novosibirsk). PCR-based detecting the resistant genotype of T. circumcincta. Multiplex-PCR was performed as recommended by Silvestre et al., 2000, using a commercial Master Mix reagent kit, Evrogen. The electrophoresis results were analyzed in the GelDoc gel-documenting system, Bio-Rad. The obtained fragments were sequenced at the Genome Collective Use Center of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics” (Moscow).

Results and discussion. To identify β-tubulin gene mutations that lead to benzimidazole anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematodes of the species T. circumcincta, molecular genetic testing was conducted using nested PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and multiplex-PCR methods. The results of the presence of nucleotide substitutions in the β-tubulin gene were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

The purpose of the research is to develop the production of ivermectin-based complex solid dispersion preparations with water-soluble polymer fillers using the technique previously developed in the VNIIP – FSC VIEV with a solvent, as well as the INEOS RAS (Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS) technique in one stage without involving liquid phases, and their comparative performance testing against parasitosis of animals.

Materials and methods. Preparation 1 was developed using the technique developed in the VNIIP – FSC VIEV in several stages, and preparation 2 was developed using the INEOS RAS technique in one stage. A comparative performance test of the above preparations was conducted on three private Chechen Republic farms on 870 Tushino sheep and 57 local goats spontaneously infected with gastrointestinal Strongylata. In the first experiment, the sheep (n = 130) were divided into 4 groups of 30–35 animals each on the analog principle. The sheep from the first and second experimental groups were given preparations 1 and 2 orally in the suspension formulation at doses of 0.2 mg/kg by active substance. The third and fourth groups of 35 sheep each were treated with the same preparations mixed with combined feed at the same dose, by the group method only. In the second experiment, 140 sheep and 57 goats were treated once, individually, with preparation 1 at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg in the suspension formulation. The third experiment on testing preparation 1 was conducted on 600 sheep, 217 bull calves, 165 horses, and 15 dogs in production conditions.

Results and discussion. The solubility of preparation 1 increased by 7.1, and preparation 2 by 4.7. A HPLC analysis confirmed 95.0% preservation of ivermectin in both preparations. One hundred percent efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep was confirmed for preparations 1 and 2 obtained by different techniques, given individually, once, at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg in the suspension formulation. The treating of the sheep with preparation 1 mixed with combined feed by group feeding obtained 100% efficacy, and 94.6% for preparation 2. The deworming of the sheep in the second experiment showed 100% efficiency for preparation 1 given individually, once, at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg by active substance in the suspension formulation. The testing of complex preparation 1 at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg in the third experiment obtained 100% efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes in horses, young cattle, sheep, goats, and dogs. No side effects were observed in the animals after deworming.