Objective of research. A study of species composition of gastrointestinal nematodes of Odocoileus hemionus introduced into Russia. Materials and methods. The helminthological material was collected in February 2015 based on autopsy of black-tailed deer females. Black-tailed deer was introduced into Russia from North America in December 2014. The content of abomasum and small intestine (matrix) was examined. In laboratory conditions, nematodes were picked out from the matrix. Based on peculiarities of male reproductive system of nematodes their species belonging was confirmed. Due to great morphological similarities of females, their species identification was not conducted. Results and discussion. 3355 nematodes were found (1792 females and 1563 males). The nematodes were assigned to following species: Trichostrongylus axei , T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus and Nematodirus filicollis . To our knowledge, this is the first study of the helminth fauna of black-tailed deer on the territory of Russia. All helminth species were detected in this host in North America. Previously detected nematode species have been already found in ruminants in Russia. However, based on the data of life cycles of discovered nematodes, the season when the material was collected, and a short period between the importation and death of the investigated animal, we can conclude that animal were infected with nematodes prior to the importation to Russia.

Objective of research: A study on fauna and biology of birch aphids in Central Asia. Materials and methods. This paper is based on collections, observations and experiments conducted in 1972-2016 in various areas of Central Asia (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan). Collection and control of birch aphids were performed by common methods; aphids were fixed in test tubes with 96% ethanol. 102 birch aphids were investigated; they were applied for production of 311 total permanent preparations using the method of pre-maceration. The results of morphological changes in aphids were estimated by the common mathematical methods of statistics. Results and discussion. It was found that the fauna of birch aphids in Central Asia consists of 12 species and 1 suborder belonging to 6 genera ( Symydobius Mordvilko, 1894; Euceraphis Walker, 1870; Betulaphis Glendenning, 1926; Callipterinella van der Goot, 1913; Calaphis Walsh 1862; Clethrobius Mordvilko. 1928 ) of the subfamily Myzocallidinae , family Drepanosiphidae. Forage plants of birch aphids ( Semydobius oblongus von Heyd., Betulaphis quadrituberculata Kalt., Callipterinella betularia Kalt., Callipterinella tuberculata von Heyd., Calaphis betuliсola Kalt., Calaphis flava Mord., Clethrobius сomes Walk.) are widespread from temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere to South Kazakhstan. Issyk-Kul region is the southernmost point of the spread of Euceraphis punctipennis and Callipterinella minutissima Str. in Central Asia. Euceraphis pilosa and its subspecies E.pilosa arslanbobica, Betulaphis hissarica and Callipterinella ferganica are natives in the Mountains of Central Asia. As elements of aphid fauna of the Angara region, they were being formed in mountain areas through the development of autochthons as well as conversion of allochthons to native species Among the aphids identified, we have described Callipterinella ferganica Akhmedov et Khusanov 2009 and Euceraphis pilosa arslanbobica Akhmedov et Khusanov ssp.n.

Objective of research. The purpose of this paper was to study the species composition of louse-flies (Ornithomyinae, Diptera) in hollow-nesting birds from Moscow and Moscow region. Materials and methods. Material was collected during ornithological investigations in permanent nesting locations of hollow-nesting birds on the territory of Moscow and Moscow region in 1997-2016. Altogether, 5473 birds of 21 species were examined; 817 adult louse-flies of 4 species and 17 puparia of the mentioned species were collected. Results and discussion: In the observation period, 4 species of louse-flies were found in hollow-nesting birds in Moscow and Moscow region. Ornithomyia avicularia (60,37%) and Ornithomyia fringillina (37,21%) are dominating. Ornithomyia chloropus (0,82%) is the northern arctic species, the southern boundary of the range in Europe is at the latitude of South Karelia, and this species occurs in Moscow region mainly in migratory birds (September-October). In the breeding period, this species of louse-flies is not registered in Moscow region. O. avicularia is a large louse-fly, looks like a domestic fly. First adult flies appear in Moscow region at the end of May - middle of June depending on the weather conditions. This louse-fly is found in all bird species until the beginning of November. The peak of fly population falls on July-September depending on the year. The number of adult louse-flies in one bird ranged from one to 11-13 individuals. Puparia were registered from the end of June. O. fringillina is a small fly like drosophila. First adult flies appear in the Moscow region ant the middle of June. This species is being found permanently in all types of birds until the beginning of November. The peak of fly population falls on July-September depending on the year. The number of adult louse-flies in one bird ranged from one to 5-7 individuals. Puparia were registered from the end of July. O. chloropus is a rare species of the fauna of Moscow region; found in migratory northern birds; basically appears in the period of fall migration. Сrataerina pallidа is an obligate parasite of the swift, unable to fly, the wings are reduced; found in birds from May, obviously comes from wintering regions. Native flies appear in July-August.

In the course of studies on filariid infections in wild carnivorous in Bulgaria nematodes of genus Angiostrongylus were found in the heart and pulmonary arteries of badgers. The detected specimens were examined morphologically and metrically, which allowed us to identify them as Angiostrongylusdaskalovi . A morphometrical description of the species is given in accordance with the present materials.

Objective of research: The study of biology and life cycles of some filarial species - parasites of birds in Uzbekistan. Material and methods. More than 15 thousand orthopterans of the family Acrididae were collected and studied according to the standard methods of entomology and parasitology. Birds were infected with filarial larvae found in orthopterans. Results and discussion: Infective larvae of two nematode species Aprocta cylindrica and Diplotriaena isabellina were discovered in 6 orthopterous species of the family Acrididae in a number of Uzbekistan regions. The role of locusts as new intermediate hosts for these nematode species is experimentally established.

The main reservoirs of trichinosis in the province Pomeranian (Polish) are wild boars and pigs which are still a serious threat to human health. The aim of the study was to investigated the prevalence of Trichinella spp. among wild boars and pigs in province Pomerania. From the veterinary and epidemiological perspective it was of the prime importance to identify the reason for the increasing prevalence of Trichinella spp. larvae infections among wild boars observed in the years 2008-2013. In the animal study of parasitology for Trichinella larvae presence were performed post mortem by digestion method. Evaluation of microscopic samples of muscle preceded by digestion tests in artificial stomachs. Trichinella diagnosis in humans was based on immunoassay for the detection of presence Trichinella specific antibodies in serum. The assessment was based on official data on the number of cases of trichinosis in pigs and wild boars, derived from the annual reports of the Veterinary Inspectorate in Szczecin and annual bulletins of the National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene. In 2008, 16 583 tested boars Trichinella larvae were found in 92 cases, which accounted for 0,55 %. However, in 2013 it was 158 infected animals, which constituted the prevalence of 1,19 %. In 2005, 2006 and 2007 on Polish territory were major outbreaks of epidemic trichinosis. The largest of these took place in the province West Pomerania, where around 300 people were hospitalized. The diagnosis of trichinosis is based on the clinical picture, an interview with epidemiological and laboratory diagnostic examinations. The conducted monitoring over the years has shown cyclical nature of the occurrence of a tendency to create an epidemic.

Objective of research. The purpose of the research - monitoring the parasitic situation in the specially protected natural areas to identify natural foci of infestation and the infestation of wild animals. Materials and methods. In vivo and post-mortem helminthological studies of wildlife protected areas. Winter-spring monitoring of wild ruminants to determine the foci of infestation in the study areas. Description of habitats the definitive and intermediate hosts of parasites installed. Photo - and video-documentation and microscopy of material obtained by different methods of parasitological studies of the basic and intermediate hosts of parasites, statistical analysis of the obtained results and their analysis according to the literary sources. Results and discussion: The infestation of animals with helminths and protozoa ranged from 70 to 100%-ing. It should be noted that the intensity of infestation with eggs/ larvae/parasites oietai in 2016 has significantly increased in animals that live in the study natural areas. We associate this phenomenon with the fact that in 2014 we have conducted a preventive antiparasitic activities that led to significant reductions in infestation rate in 2015, but for 2016, they began to grow. In addition, the introduction of animals also affects the increase and accumulation of parasite beginning in natural habitats, causing the formation of parasitic foci. The helminths fauna of wild animals was dominated by nematodes. IE by helminths came up to 100%, of which the larger part was represented by intestinal Strongylata.

Objective of research: The purpose of this study is the investigation of Dirofilaria infection in tracking dogs from kennels of the Administration of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation for Astrakhan region, and preventive measures for dirofilariasis. Material and methods: Research was conducted in 2004-2009 at the Parasitology Lab of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology for the Astrakhan region and at the Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology of the Astrakhan State Medical University. Totally, 2907 dogs of various breeds, both genders, aged from 1 to 13 years were investigated. From 2004 to 2009 the examination of dogs was conducted twice a year during the periods of mosquito flight activity. Blood tests were performed by a modified method using 1% of acetic acid solution. Results and discussion: Dirofilariasis was mostly observed in dogs 1 to 5 years of age (86,1 %). Dirofilaria immitis was detected in 17,4 % of 1 year-old dogs; in 22,6% of 2 year-old dogs; 18,3,% of 3 year-old dogs; 10 %-of 4yo dogs and 14,8 % of 5yo dogs. The extensity of infection with Dirofilaria immitis in dogs 6 and 7 years of age was 5,2 and 3,5 %, respectively. It was found that 0,9 % of dogs 8, 10 and 13 of age were infected. Dirofilariasis was not registered in senior dogs. 47 (3,6 %) of 1289 female dogs and 68 (4,2 %) of 1617 male dogs were infected. German shepherds were most infected with Dirofilaria immitis (39,1 %). In urban areas, the infection extensity (92,2 %) is higher than in the suburbs (7,8 %). The highest level of Dirofilaria immitis infection in tracking dogs (24,1 %) was determined in 2004. After using the preparation Dironet in 2008, the infestation level decreased several times and was 3,2 %. Because of the fact that dogs are brought to the kennels from the regions unfavorable on dirofilariasis it is necessary to investigate dog’s blood twice a year to detect microfilariae and to perform timely prophylactic treatments with Dironet.

Objective of research: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of contamination of sand and soil samples infected with geohelminthes on the territory of preschools and playgrounds in Vladikavkaz. Materials and methods: Sanitary-parasitological examination of sand and soil from playgrounds of 20 kindergartens and 10 playgrounds located in courtyards of multi-story buildings in Vladikavkaz was conducted. 100 and 50 samples were taken from these sites, respectively. The work was performed according to MUK 4.2.2661-10 «Methods of sanitary-parasitological research». Helminth eggs were detected by the methods of Pavlovsky (1959) and Kotelnikov (1991). Results and discussion. We established a high degree of contamination of sandboxes and playgrounds with various helminth eggs. Helminth eggs were revealed in 64 of 150 sand and soil samples (42,67 %) with the average intensity of contamination from 2 to 24 ind/kg. 38,5 % of revealed helminth eggs were viable. In samples of soil and sand taken from preschools, 3 species of geohelminth eggs were detected: Ascaris spp. (13,0 %), Toxocara spp. (9,0 %) and Enterobius vermicularis (4,0 %). In samples of soil and sand taken from children's playgrounds 7 helminth species were found: Ascaris spp. (28,0 %), Toxocara spp. (22,0 %), E. vermicularis (12,0 %), Trichocephalus spp. (2,0 %), Hyminolepis spp. (4,0 %), Taenia spp. (2,0 %). For the first time, eggs of Schistosoma sp. were discovered in a soil sample from the playground, located on the territory of the military town «Holzman»; the intensity of contamination was up to 4 ind./kg. The results allow to conclude that parasitological parameters of soil and sand from some kindergartens and yard playgrounds do not meet hygienic standards, and represent a potential risk of infestation with parasitic diseases, in particular with geohelminthoses, for children, adults and staff of kindergartens.

Objective of research is investigation of level of soil contamination on the territory of Dog training service Center State institution of Home Office of Russia in Perm region by helminthes in warm period and activity of several disinfectants in different concentrations to parasite eggs in vitro. Materials and methods. Parasitological analysis of soil from different points of Dog Training Center was carried out by combined method. Investigations of activity of several disinfectants were carried out on example of noninvasive and invasive Toxocara canis eggs in vitro by direct addition and by addition to samples of soil. Results and discussion. Soil samples were collected from 13 points of the Dog Training Center: area for walk adult dogs, area for training to special program, two areas for walk puppies, quarantine area, central training area, passages between enclosures and glade with forest territory. The investigation of soil examples revealed presence of free nematodes and eggs of dog’s parasites: Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Physaloptera spp., Capillaria sp., Strongiloides vulpis. Maximal level of infection was observed in May and minimal one - in April. At the second step of our work we analyzed effect of disinfectants from different chemical groups to T. сanis eggs. Preparations on base of chlorhexidinedigluconate 20 % and ethanol 70 %, quaternary ammonium compound alkyldimethilbenzilammonium chloride 10%, polyhexamethilenguanidine hydrochloride 1 % and carbamide, alkyldimethilbenzilammonium chloride 30 %, glyoxalin 5 %, gluten aldehyde 0,5 %, 17 % peracetic acid - 20 % peroxide, 3 % of active chlorine and formalin in 10 % and 40 % concentrations . Microscopic investigation was revealed that noninvasive T. canis eggs were destroyed only by effect of 2 % solution of preparation on base 17 % peracetic acid - 20 % peroxide and 3 % of active chlorine. Invasive eggs were not destroyed even extremely high doses of investigated solutions. Preparation on 17 % peracetic acid - 20% peroxide has not expressed smell but in big concentrations dries skin, therefore it is more effective to helminthes eggs and has better organoleptic characteristics. It is more suitable for soil disinfection in Dog training Center.

Sarcotaces sp . (copepods), which infest and some the clinical sings lesions in cropper fish Epinephelus tauvina were register in Northwest Arabian Gulf. In March and June 2016, a total of 8 fish freshly collected from Al-Fao market South of Al-Basra City, northwest Arabian Gulf, Iraq. One of fish only infested with Sarcotaces sp. infested with Black Bag Disease with prevalence percentage 12.5 % Fish infected with Sarcotaces sp. showed no any clinical abnormalities and appeared to be completely normal. A new host and new geographical distribution for this copepod parasite in the fish of the Iraqi marine waters of the Arabian Gulf

Studying the role of apoptosis of blood cells allows to determine more precisely the mechanisms of immunopathology in general, and immunosuppression - in particular. The aim of that research was to study morphological and molecular indicators of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in mice infected with Trichocephalus muris and rabbits infected with Passalurus ambiguus to determine possible mechanisms of secondary immunosuppression development under chronisation of helminthiasis. Materials and methods. During the experiment, the animals were divided into the following groups: 1) intact mice (control group) - 15 ind.; 2) intact rabbits (control group) - 10 ind.; 3) mice infected with Trichocephalus muris (Schrank, 1788) - 60 ind.; 4) rabbits infected with Passalurus ambiguous (Rudolphi, 1819 ) - 30 ind. Blood from the tail vein of mice, and the ear vein of rabbits was used to prepare smears 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 weeks after infestation. Light microscopy of blood smears stained by Romanovsky’s method [2] was applied for leucogram determination and investigation of morphological indicators of apoptosis. For molecular studies, mononuclear leukocytes were isolated from venous whole blood by density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll-Paque media (= 1,077 g / cm3, «Pharmacia», Sweden) [12]. The concentration of the pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was determined in lysates of lymphocytes by ELISA using kits Human Caspase-3 instant ELISA and the Human Bcl-2 ELISA of the company «Bender MedSystems GmbH» (Vienna, Austria). Results and discussion. The analysis of obtained data shows that at helminth infection of animals and under chronisation of helminthiasis, statistically significant changes occur within 8 weeks in the total number of leukocytes, the total number of lymphocytes and lymphocytes with morphological signs of apoptosis, as well as in pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. This comprehensive study convincingly shown that a gradual and significant increase in apoptotic activity of lymphocytes on the receptor and cellular levels is observed in animals in the period from the beginning of infestation up to the chronic stage of helminthiasis. This is manifested in the increased number of lymphocytes with morphological features of apoptosis against the background of the increased level of pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3, and the reduced level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.

Objective of research: The purpose of this research was to study the changes of histology picture and macroanatomic changes in cephenomiosis of elks and to estimate the efficacy of sodium azide against gadfly larvae. Materials and methods: Macroanatomic studies of nasal cavity, sinuses and Eustachian tubes were conducted. Furthermore, histological examinations of elk’s brain with gadfly larvae were carried out to investigate some aspects of pathogenesis of oestrosis. Hard cerebral shell was dissected and removed. After removing brain was dissected into small slices that were placed to the fixative solution. Brain was dissected by standard methods; brain slices were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. We used carbol-xilol in proportion 1: 4-1: 10 for clearing brain slices. When using this staining method, cell nuclei are purple or blue, cytoplasm is pink-red, connective tissue light pink. Effects of different disinfectants (sodium azide solution 0,1 %, chlorophos 0,1 %, formalin 1 %) on gadfly larvae were studied. extrosal encephalitis Results and discussion: Pathologic-anatomical studies enabled to detect the pronounced microscopic features of meningoencephalitis (hyperthermia, mild hemorrhage, brain swelling). The diagnosis of meningoencephalitis was confirmed after histological examination of several brain sections. More than 300 Cephenemyia ulrichii larvae were detected. When investigating histological slices we carried out differential diagnostics of prion-related encephalitis. Inflammatory infiltrates around the vessels, changes in the vessel wall, diffuse proliferative response of micro-and oligodendroglia were determined. Direct effects of causative agents on brain tissue are important for pathogenesis of extrosal encephalitis. Allergic reactions have also a definite value, especially in subacute encephalitis due to the large number of parasitizing larvae. Sodium azide and chlorophos solutions have proved to be the most effective against gadfly larvae. It was found that larvae died within several hours in sodium azide and chlorophos solution 0,1%. However, in comparison to chlorophos, sodium azide did not cause the death of soil microflora.

Abstract E.coli and P. aeruginosa bacterial infection on Soft shell turtle Rafetus euphraticus . Isolation and identification diagnosis which that on these species affected, biochemical test and clinical signs. Samples of the Soft shell turtle Rafetus euphraticus Gray, 1864 were collected from East Hammar marshes during summer season of the year 2016 .The infection isolated with a percent of 40%. Clinical Finding obvious that the incidence of E.coli and P. aeruginosa infection. Some of Soft shell turtle show clinical abnormalities with E.coli and P. aeruginosa . The most common clinical signs were external haemorrhage, Histopathological changes revealed degeneration and necrosis in all organs associated with Chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and melanomacrophage cells were detected in all turtle tissues. This study showed that P.aeruginosa infection is common in the Soft shell turtle Rafetus euphraticus . So, this study was designed to make a survey of bacterial infestation of Soft shell turtle Rafetus euphraticus Gray, 1864 East Hammar marshes during the summer of 2016.

Objective of research: To detect and identify by molecular and genetic methods isolates Anaplasma marginale circulating on the territory of Moscow region. Materials and methods: Blood samples were taken from cattle on the territory of Moscow region in 2015. DNA was isolated from whole blood by the kit «Sorb-M». Identification of animals infected with A. marginale and estimation of the parasitemia level were carried out by real-time PCR methods. Typing of A. marginale strains was performed by modifying the primer structure. The received gene fragments were cloned in Escherichia сoli cells. Targeted selection of recombinant clones of E. coli was conducted by PCR methods using standard primers M13 with the following analysis of reaction products by 1,5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results and discussion: It was shown that seven of thirty animals were carriers of A. marginale strains; levels of parasitemia range from 3,6 × 103 to 5,4 × 105 per 1 ml blood. The analysis of msp4 gene sequence of A. marginale isolates shows their belonging to two already known genotypes. The results obtained can be used for epidemiological monitoring of anaplasmosis on the territory of Moscow region as well as taken into account for development of vaccines.

Objective of research: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the drug Diprocarb with the main active ingredient Imidocarb Propionate. One milliliter (mL) of Diprocarb contains 120 mg of Imidocarb Dipropionate. Material and methods: Research was conducted in Moscow and the Moscow region (Ramensky and Podolsky districts) using an example of spontaneous infestation of dogs with babesiosis. The studies were carried out at veterinary clinics using laboratory studies of the blood of infected animals, as well as the study of ixodid ticks, that are the main vectors of Babesia canis. Monitoring of physical status of animals was being performed from the moment of infestation with babesiosis to the complete disappearance of parasites from the blood as well as the products of their vital activity. Diprocarb was used as the main drug and the symptomatic therapy was conducted. Results and discussion: The drug showed 100% effectiveness when applied at a dose of 6 mg per kg of animal weight. Diprocarb has been proven to be highly effective for the treatment of parasitic blood diseases transmitted by ixodid ticks.

Objective of research: Evaluation of efficacy of the new phenasal formulation based on supramolecular, nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems for anoplocephalidosis in horses. Materials and methods. Research was conducted on 60 horses, spontaneously infected with Anoplocephala spp. Animals were divided in 5 experimental and one control group, up to 10 heads in each. Horses from different groups received orally samples of supramolecular complex of phenasal with various polymers, including polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), arabinogalactan in the ratio 1: 2, and silicon dioxide in the ratio 1: 5 at a dose of 20 mg a. i. /kg. The basic preparation phenasal at a dose of 100 mg/kg was given to horses of the fifth group. Animals that did not receive the drug served as controls. The efficacy of preparations was estimated in control experiment according to the results of coproscopy using the flotation method before and 14 days after treatment. Results and discussion. 100 % efficacy of supramolecular complex of phenasal with arabinogalactan in the ratio 1: 2 at a dose of 20 mg a.i./kg and basic phenasal at a dose of 100 mg/kg was determined. Efficiency of phenasal complexes with PVP in the ratio 1: 2 and rabinogalactan in the ratio 1: 5 at a dose of 20 mg a.i./kg at a dose of 20 mg a.i./kg against anoplocephalidosis in horses was 87,2 and 80,1%, respectively.

Objective of research: To reveal the efficacy of Allium cepa used for traditional therapy of opisthorchiasis in combination with rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease by estimation of the degree of changes in internal organs. Materials and methods: Experiment was conducted on outbreed male rabbits with viral hemorrhagic disease in combination with opisthorchiasis. As traditional therapy, we used bulbs of white onion (Allium cepa L.). Each animal received daily 40-50 g of chopped onion. Pathologicoanatomic autopsy of dead animals that did not get treatment and animals that got treatment was carried out by the end of the second day after clinical manifestation of first symptoms (providing the macroscopic picture of all internal organs). Results and discussion: Macroscopic examination confirmed the presence of minimal residual changes in internal organs of experimental animals receiving traditional therapy. In opisthorchiasis combined with rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease, the use of onion as a medicine is reasonable due to decrease in structural changes of internal organs, primarily, liver. Basically the suggested traditional therapy is aimed at maintenance and repair of damaged organs of the host.

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of parasitic contamination in leafy green (lettuce and rocket) vegetables, samples of which were taken up from different regions of Misurata, Libya. A total of 112 raw vegetable samples randomly selected from farms and markets were subsequently examined by a concentration method and then assayed by light microscopy. It was found that 56.3% of the green vegetables were contaminated with different intestinal parasites, the parasites included cysts of Giardia spp., Enatmeaba histolytic a, Entameaba coli , Coccidia spp. oocysts, Balantidium coli and eggs of Hymenolepis nana., Ascaris lumbricoides., Toxocara spp., Strongyloides spp., Trichius trichura and Trichostronylus spp. The highest rate of contamination was detected in rocket (64.3%) while contamination was lower in green lettuce (48.2%). Toxocara spp. eggs were the highest prevalent parasite detected in green vegetables (27%) with the highest score density found in the rocket. Toxocara was followed by Entameaba coli cysts (24%), Coccidia spp. Oocysts (22%), Enatmeaba histolytica cysts (19%), Giardia spp. cysts (10%), and Hymenolepis nana eggs (8%). There were lesser rates of contamination from the parasites Strongyloides spp., Trichius trichura and Trichostronylus spp. There was no significant difference between single and mixed contamination of rocket and lettuce P>0.05. However, there was a statistical difference between protozoa and helminths contamination of rocket and lettuce (P≤0.01). We conclude these findings may have important implications for global food safety and confirm that green vegetables are a point of transmission of intestinal parasites to humans and so are a threat to public health in Misurata, Libya.