Helminth infection in sheep and the structure of parasite complexes in different regions of Gorny Altai have been studied. Standard helminthological methods were used: helminthoovoscopy by the method of Fulleborn, Kotelnikov–Hrenov and helmintholarvoscopy by the Berman–Orlov method. The calculation of the average egg number was performed using the counting chamber located at All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants named after K. I. Skryabin. The species composition and helminth infection in animals were detected using K. I. Skryabin method of incomplete post-mortem examination. The highest infection level has been determined in Northern Altai (83,8 %). The helminth complex of sheep in Northern and Central Altai is represented by 10 and in South-Eastern Altai – by 5 species. Gastrointestinal strongylates dominate in the structure of parasite complex. The representatives of species Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Protostrongylus, Dicrocoelium and Moniezia have the greatest epizootic significance. The 20 % water suspension of dry concentrate of antiparasitic preparation SKVS- AA (СКВС-АА) in various dosages has been tested. The antiparasitic preparation has shown 90– 100 % efficacy against gastrointestinal helminthosis.

The structure of oral sucker of trematode Fаsciolа hepatica, an organ of fixation to the walls of hepatic ducts in human and vertebrate animals, has been studied. Light and stereoscanelectronmicroscopicobservations on the oral sucker of trematode F. hepatica allow to determine that it consists of various complex circular and longitudinal muscle layers that differ from each other in the stageof development of musclefibers. Transverse muscle fibers connect circular muscles. The oral sucker performs nutrition and attachment functions. The oral sucker is very mobile and its diameter changes due to muscle contraction and relaxation. At contraction of musclefibers the cavity of oral sucker becomes smaller because of the vacuum generated in its cavity. F. hepatica is firmly attached to the walls of hepatic ducts. On the bottom of oral sucker is a mouth opening. When F. hepatica feels hungry its circular muscles contract, cover the mouth opening, and the oral sucker takes the shape of a funnel.

The records of helminth fauna from grass frogs Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1768 of Republic of Mordovia are provided. 16 helminth types have been discovered: 1 – Monogenea, 11 – Trematoda, and 4 – Nematoda. Dominating in quantity of types the adult and larval trematodes are characterized by a lower infeсtion rate and beong to rare parasites of the specific host. Geonematodes Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788) and Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Goeze, 1782) are background parasites with a high infection rate found in all frogs; nematodes Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845), trematodes Haplometra cylindracea Zeder, 1800 and Pleuro-genes claviger (Rudolphi, 1819) occur more rarely. The differences of single amphibian populations are determined based on various structures of trematodes and depend on biotopical conditions.

Localization of larvae, nymphs and imago of Ixodes angustus on cattle body is studied. Ticks I. angustus mostly attach to the front part of the host’s body to feed. The preimaginal stages ticks usually are localized on conches, and adult species – on head, neck and shoulder blades. The self-purification ability of the host can be considered as a leading factor influencing the distribution of ticks. The choice of sitesfor attachmentof larvae and nymphs is probably determined by particular characteristics of host’s skin and hair coat.

The epizootic situation on main animal helminthosis which we have observed in Russian Federation in the period from 1990 to 2014 allows us to come to the conclusion that the development of epizootic process is affected by ecological components such as: conditions of pastures and water reservoirs, weather and climate especially in current pasture season; therefore it is necessary to conduct the antiparasitic treatment. 

Features of main infectious diseases in animals of Yakutia are presented. The research was conducted in horse, cattle and deer ranches of Yakutia. 45 horses, 23 cattle, 51 northern deer were investigated in 2001–2010 by the method of complete and incomplete helminthological postmortem examination of intestines and muscles. 3924 fecal samples including 2523 – from horses, 963 – from cattle and 438 – from northern deer were examined by the method of copro- and larvoscopy. 193 helminth species related to 60 genera, 26 families, 10 units, 4 classes, 3 types were detected in domestic animals in Yakutia. Helminthosis take a leading position in general pathology of horses, northern deer and cattle. Northern deer are infected with 37 helminth species, 9 of which are cestode species, 25 – nematode species, 3 – trematode species as well as with gad-fly larvae. For the first time at dehelmintization of herd horses we applied anthelmintic drugs in combination with the probiotic Sakhabactisubtil. A concomitant use of the Equisect and probiotic Sakhabactisubtil contributes to a quicker recovering of qualitative and quantitative composition of intestinal microorganisms and has a positive effect on immune and fermentation systems as well as metabolic functions of growing horses. 

Distribution and seasonal activity of ixodid ticks in various landscape zones of Dagestan is studied. During investigation of ixodid fauna in cattle we took into account the intensity of infection and index of abundance. After examination of50 animals in plain areas in 2012, we determined that 100 % of animals were infected with ixodid ticks, index of abundance was 369,0 expl. In 2013 we investigated 50 animals in the piedmont of Dagestan, ixodid tickswere detected in100 % of tested animals, index of abundance was 269,5 expl. In mountain areas of Dagestan all animals were also infected, index of abundance was 157, 4 expl.

Functioning of a number of transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphatase as well as some values of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism on background of protein in cattle blood at fasciolosis are studied. Total blood protein was determined by Loury method, alkaline phosphatase activity – by colorimetric method based on the hydrolysis of n-nitrophenol phosphate. The glutamate transferase activity was estimated by L.J. Olsen method, transaminase activity – by Reitman-Frankel method. Cholesterol levels were measured according to Liebermann–Burchard reaction, the pyruvate content was determined using the diphenylhydrazine method, and lactate – according to reaction withparaoxydiphenyl. The functional status of blood at fasciolosis is marked by the decrease in total protein and pyruvate with the increase of activity of glutamate transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate and cholesterol.

Dynamics of crystallogenic and initiating properties of saliva in patients with alveococcosis during the surgery and in the late postoperative period were specified. Saliva samples of 22 patients with liver alveococcosis were examined at the Kirov Zonal Hepathology Center. The diagnosis has been verified by instrumental methods (ultrasound examination, computer and/or magnetic-resonance tomography) and laboratory tests (latex agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). A successful surgical treatment has been conducted in all patients. Crystal-logenic properties of saliva were estimated by the methods of crystalloscopy and thesigraphy along with a criteria-based definition of facies. A spectrometric examination of crystalloscopic and thesigraphic facies of saliva has also been conducted. It was determined that the surgical treatment of liver alveococcosis leads to a partial normalization of the crystallogenic and initiating properties of saliva already on checking out from hospital.

Efficacy of 5 % emulsion of D-cyphenothrin and Insakar-maxi applied against ix-odidosis in cattle in livestock farms «Shangoda» and «Yalgin» in Karabudakhkentensk region of Dagestan and economic efficiency of the held events are studied. 100 % efficacy of 5 % emulsion of D-cyphenothrin and Insakar-maxi used against massive attack of ixodid ticks on cattle was determined. We noticed that the average daily milk production has been increased by 12,7 and 14,7 % respectively. The preventive efficacy of investigated drugs used for treatment of cattle ixodidosis was observed within 30 days. 

Effectiveness of a supramolecular nanotech-based Albendazole – Fenbendazole complex has been tested using the Drug Delivery System. Tests for efficacy of new drugs Albendazole and Fenbendazole were conducted on 37 sheep spontaneously infected with Nematodirus sp. and other gastrointestinal strongylates in agricultural farm «Leninsky Put’» located in Pestravsky district of Samara region. The supra-molecular Albendazole – Arabinogalactan complex at a dose of 1,0 mg/kg of active ingredient and the base Albendazole at a dose of 10 mg/kg have shown a 100 % effectiveness. Albendazole – Chitosan complex has shown a 87,5 % extenseffectiveness and a 98,4 % reduction in number of nematode eggs in feces. The effectiveness of supramolecular Fenbendazole – polymer complex was lower. 

Honeybee gives people one of the most valuable and healthy foods. These are honey, propolis, royal jelly, bee pollen, bee venom, wax. The healing properties of bee products are described in manuscripts discovered in ancient Egypt, Greece and China. Many of them are widely used in medicine for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections, to enhance the immunity of organism, for treatment of poorly healing wounds, in a variety of tumor diseases, in the gastro-intestinal diseases, promote the potency and fertility. Bee products have comparable healing properties to established drugs but they have fewer side effects. In this work we present some of the experiments that explore the impact of bee products to different parasites.

As the test objects served elks and dappled deer infested with helminthes. The purpose of this work is to study the efficacy of a new antiparasitic drug Ivirsaltused for prevention measures against helminths in wild hoofed animals. The therapeutic efficacy of new anthelmintic drug Ivirsalt used for treatment of nematodosis in wild hoofed animals was tested on 120 dappled deer, 7 elks and 1 roe deer in national Park «Losiny Ostrov». Ivirsalt are briquettes (licks) with a mass of 5 kg containing the active ingredient ivermectine and sodium chloride in the proportion 0,1 : 99,9. Salt lick briquettes were put in the feed-troughs on feeding places and saline soils based on the average daily salt consumption. The preparation was given within 14 days taking into account that the animals approach salt lick briquettes not less that 1 time a week. To determine the efficacy of preparation by the method of co-proscopy the fecal samples are collected before and every 10 days after distribution of salt lick briquettes. Standard life-time and post-mortem helminthological examinations of animals (coproovoscopy, K. I. Skryabin method of full post-mortem helminthological examination, 1928) are used. The research results show that the intensity of gastrointestinal nematode infections in dappled deer aged 1,5 to 3 years has decreased by 5,4 times, in deer older by 3 years – by 3,1 times. 

Data on preservation and transmission of causative agents of ditylenchosis in decorative and agricultural crops are provided. The main factors for preservation and transmission of ditylenchosis of decorative and agricultural crops were presented: seed-specific factor (sample analysis of the potato tubers), soil and vegetation characteristics (sample analysis of wild strawberries and of soil used for phlox and potato growing), infection transmission mechanism (analysis of phlox, potato and strawberry seed material). Investigation methods for preservation and transmission of causative agents of ditylenchosis of particular plant species are provided what allows to ensure the control under seed, soil-vegetation and transmission factors for preservation and spread of Ditylenchus sp.

The results of modeling of helminth infection using the example of Azov Roach were investigated. The relationship between the outbreak of ligulosis and the solar activity and the presence of chaotic nature of «host – parasite» system are showed.