Epizootology of Trichinellosis in Pridnestrov’ye

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to study spread and epizootology of trichinellosis in Pridnestrov’ye.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted in Pridnestrov’ye in 2014–2018. Potential trichinella hosts – mammals (17 species – fox, wolf, jackal, tomcat, wild boar, steppe polecat, shrew-mouse, hedgehog, sewer rat, house mouse, yellow-necked mouse, red squirrel, raccoon-like dog, domesticated dog, domesticated cat, domesticated pig) and birds (5 species – rock-pigeon, rook, sparrow-hawk, long-legged buzzard, gray crow) served as the material for the research. A total of 280 mammals and 47 birds were studied. Materials of the veterinary reports on trichinosis diagnostics in domesticated pigs (over 20 thousand carcasses) and wild boars (about 300 specimens) were also used for analysis. Diagnostics and identification of trichinella larvae were performed using the methods of compressor trichinoscopy and enzymatic digestion of muscles in artificial gastric juice. Prevalence was used to assess quantitative infectiousness indicators. Statistical processing of materials was performed according to generally accepted methods.

Results and discussion. Wild canine animals – fox, jackal and wolf are the main carriers of trichinellae in Pridnestrov’ye. Data analysis allows speaking about the circulation of the natural focus of this helminthiasis. Animals infected with trichinella are not registered in the northern part of Pridnestrov’ye. A high invasion indicator was observed in jackals – 25 and 22.2%, respectively, in the central and southern parts. A fox was infested by trichinella in small amount and only in the central part of Pridnestrov’ye (6.7%). The greatest invasion by trichinella was noted in a wolf in the central part of the region – 28.6%, and in the south of Pridnestrov’ye its infectiousness amounted only to 5.6%, which, apparently, may be due to a small number of this species in the studied area.