Adaptation of the Relationship in the "Parasite–Host" System with Parasitism Paramphistomum сervi in the Small Intestine of Sheeps

The purpose of the research is studying microstructural changes in the process of adaptation of components during the formation of the “parasite–host” system by the example of Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790) parasitizing in the small intestine of spontaneously infected sheep.

Materials and methods. Peculiarities of changes in the microstructure of the small intestine in the “parasite–host” system were studied using parasitization of P. cervi in the intestines of sheep using well-known histological methods. Pieces of tissue of the small intestine of sheep with P. cervi, after being preserved in 70% alcohol, were processed according to the generally accepted histological procedure and embedded in paraffin. Sections 5–7 μm in thickness were stained with histological stains and examined under a light microscope.

Results and discussion. Microstructural analysis of the characteristics of the relationship in the "parasite–host" system showed that the mucous membrane of the small intestine of sheep in the presence of P. cervi looks sharply thickened. Swelling of the epithelium of villi and crypts, its vacuolization and albuminoid degeneration were found. In some places, proliferation of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane was detected, due to which epithelial hyperplasia is observed, in some cases turning into metaplasia. Proliferation and hyperplasia (metaplasia) in the endostation of the host in the presence of the parasite contribute to: 1. stability of the parasite-host system and the participation of trematodes in trophism; 2. determination of the clinical and morphological picture of trematodose; 3. predicting the effects of this pathology on the host. Adhesion in the microstructural complex “trematode tegument – epithelial tissue of the villi of the small intestine” in ovine paramphistomosis at the contact level of two glycocalyx layers – the tegument of P. cervi and the surface of the epithelial cells of the villi of the host’s intestine, as well as single histological staining of the sites of contact between the parasite and the host as a result of mixing the components of the trematode tegument and the tissue of the host’s small intestine with deep adhesion indicate the established mutual relations between the components of a single system "parasite–host".

1. Adoeva E. Ya., Chesnokova M.V. Specific encapsulation of helminth tissue larvae as a special form of parasite-host relationship. Tezisy dokladov Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii «Vzaimootnosheniya parazita i khozyaina» = Abstracts of the All-Russian Scientific Conference “Parasite-Host Relationships”. M., 1998; 1. (In Russ.)

2. Bibik O. I. Morphological and functional characteristics of the organs and tissues of the parasite and the host with trematodosis after chemotherapy with anthelmintics: dis. of ... Dr. Biol. sciences. M., 2012; 360. (In Russ.)

3. Bukanov A. M. Pathomorphological changes in the digestive organs of cattle and sheep with paramphistomiasis: autoref. ... cand. vet. sci. Ufa, 1999; 165. (In Russ.)

4. Vorobyeva E. I. Ecological and morphological studies of the “parasite-host” systems during parasitization of trematodes in different endostations in mammals: autoref. ... cand. biol. sci. Alma-Ata, 1992; 19. (In Russ.)

5. Gazimagomedov M. G., Battirov A. M., Kabardiev S. Sh., Begiev S. Zh., Alieva Zh. R., Magomedov O. A., Bittina A. A. Regional features of seasonal infection of goats by Fasciola sp., Dicrocoelium sp. and Paramphistomum sp. in subalpine subzone of Kabardino-Balkaria. Mater. dokl. nauch. konf. Vseros. o-va gel’mintol. RAN «Teoriya i praktika bor’by s parazitarnymi boleznyami» = Materials of the research and practice conference of All-Russian Helminthologist Society of Russian Academy of Sciences “Theory and practice of protection from parasitic diseases". M., 2016; 17: 122-124. (In Russ.)

6. Dodonov M. V. The micromorphological features of the triad - the liver, pancreas, duodenum - as a xenoparasitic barrier in the parasite-host system in opisthorchosis: autoref. ... cand. biol. sci. M., 2007; 23. (In Russ.)

7. Koshevarov N. I. Epizootology of paramphistomosis in cattle in the Central part of the Non-chernozem zone of Russia and measures to combat it: autoref. .... cand. vet. sci. M., 1997; 22. (In Russ.)

8. Kryazhev A. L., Biryukov S. A., Lemekhov P. A. About the ecological-epizootic situation of the spread of fasciolosis and paramphistomosis in cattle in the Vologda region. Mater. dokl. nauch. konf. Vseros. o-va gel’mintol. RAN «Teoriya i praktika bor’by s parazitarnymi boleznyami» = Materials of the research and practice conference of All-Russian Helminthologist Society of Russian Academy of Sciences “Theory and practice of protection from parasitic diseases". M., 2010; 11: 124-131. (In Russ.)

9. Nacheva L. V., Dodonov M. V., Vorobyeva E. I. Xenoparasitic barrier in opisthorchosis (histological and histochemical studies of the triad of organs - liver, pancreas and duodenum). Kemerovo-Moscow, 2009; 137. (In Russ.)

10. Nesterok Yu. A. Micromorphological studies of a triad of organs - the liver, pancreas and duodenum - after the action of anthelmintics in experimental opisthorchosis: autoref. .... cand. biol. sci. M., 2013; 26. (In Russ.)

11. Perminov A. A. Micromorphological features of adhesive processes during adaptogenesis in the parasitic system at the level of “marita trematode-host”: diss. ... cand. biol. sci. M., 2000; 26. (In Russ.)

12. Shteinpreys T. A. Morpho-ecological studies of relationships in the “parasite-host” system by the example of trematodes parasitizing in cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals: autoref. ... cand. biol. sci. M., 2000; 24. (In Russ.)