On the issue of the study of epiphytotic situation in relation to fruit and berry trees in European part of RF

Abstract

Species composition, injuriousness and spread of most dangerous phytopara-sites in European part of RF are determined. Research studies have been conducted in Stavropol and Krasnodar Krai, Rostov region, Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Dagestan and Chechnya, in Central Region – Moscow, Ryasan and Tula regions, Central Black Earth Region – Volgograd region, Komi and Karelia republic. As a result of phytoparasitological examination of fruit and berry trees in these areas the complex (mixed), viral, bacterial, fungal (including oomycetes) and nematode in-fections as well as ticks have been detected. It was determined that the increase of amount of hazardous organisms and their species composition occurs from North to South and has a pronounced epiphytotic nature especially in case of complex infection of plants with viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and nematodes. It was pointed out that fungal, bacterial and viral infections associated with endo- and ec-toparasitic nematodes may cause mass withering and shrinking of tree shoots and dying of fruit plants, development of flat-headed skeletal branches and mass mor-tality of large fruit trees.