Testing new antiparasitic combination drugs based on avermectins and pyrethroids against endo- and ectoparasitosis of cattle

The purpose of the research is to test two new experimental samples of antiparasitic avermectin and pyrethroid combination drugs (CA-7 and KC-3) in a liquid form for dermal application against ixodid ticks and gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.

Materials and methods. The studies were conducted on 137 animals (cows, bulls, and heifers) of the Simmental breed. Of these, 64 animals most infected with ticks and gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for titration of therapeutic doses and divided into 8 experimental groups of 8 animals each. Drug samples were applied epicutaneously in a range of doses that allowed selecting necessary volumes to obtain the maximum therapeutic effect. To compare the results of the drugs against ticks, the remaining 73 animals were treated in parallel with a commercial insectoacaricidal drug widely used at the experiment site. Faecal samples were collected from the test animals before and on day 7 after application for diagnostics. A coproovoscopic examination was conducted using the Fülleborn flotation method with a saturated sodium chloride solution. The average number of gastrointestinal Strongylata eggs in 1 g of faeces was calculated using a counting chamber. After drug applications, the general condition and local reactions were observed, and the tick and gadfly larvae infection of the animals was recorded. A "critical test" was used to process the obtained data and evaluate the drug efficacy against ixodid ticks and nematodes.

Results and discussion. The extensive effectiveness (EE) of CA-7 against ixodid ticks was obtained at doses of 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; and 0.5 mg/kg for avermectin C (active substance) or 4.0; 6.0; 8.0 and 10.0 mL/100 of the body weight for the drug, respectively: 0; 37.5; 62.5 and 87.5% with an average decrease in ticks per animal of 33.0; 98.4; 99.4 and 99.9%. CA-7 against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in the same doses showed, on average, a decrease in the number of nematode eggs in 1 g of feces, respectively: 65.1; 86.7; 92.4 and 100% with the EE of 50.0; 75.0; 87.5 and 100%. KC-3 when used in the same doses showed the EE against ixodid ticks equal to 0; 50.0; 75.0 and 87.5%, respectively, with a decrease in the number of ticks per animal of 84.6; 88.6; 98.9 and 99.1% and a decrease, on average, in the number of Strongylata eggs in 1 g of feces, respectively, by 73.4; 84.6; 91.5 and 93.8% with the EE 37.5; 75.0; 87.5 and 87.5%. Both drugs showed 100% efficacy against hypoderma at a maximum dose of 0.5 mg/kg of the body weight for avermectin C when applied topically.

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