Improving life-time and postmortem diagnostics of trichinellosis in Gallus gallus in experimental infection with Trichinella pseudospiralis

The purpose of the research is to study the distribution of Trichinella pseudospiralis larvae in various muscles of experimentally infected laying hens (Gallus gallus). To analyze the available methods for postmortem diagnostics of trichinellosis by trichinelloscopy (CT) and sedimentation after digestion (peptolysis) caused by T. pseudospiralis in birds with the clarified location of such larvae in muscle tissue and identified particularly affected muscle groups.

Materials and methods. The analog method formed experimental groups that were given T. pseudospiralis larvae isolate at a dose of 2 specimens/g of body weight. T. pseudospiralis larvae used for experimental infection of the poultry were initially isolated from muscle tissue of wild felines and maintained in laboratory animals. To determine the number of T. pseudospiralis larvae distributed in the birds’ muscles at 4.5 months after the experimental infection, the laying hens from the experimental group were euthanatized. For diagnostic purposes, head and esophagus muscles, intercostal muscles, and crura of diaphragm were examined; the CT method was used with photographs taken with Vision Bio equipment, 2014. The birds’ pectoral muscles and the muscles of the neck were examined separately by dissection. The study objects were microscopically examined at ×20 and ×80 magnification. The obtained data were processed using standard MS Excel and Statgraphics packages.

Results and discussion. The CT method revealed that T. рseudospiralis larvae were highly heterogeneously located in the birds’ muscles. This was noted when sections were made from one localization both within one muscle group and in different groups of the studied muscles. The greatest number of larvae was found in the head and the tongue muscles in the laying hens (3.70±0.50 and 5.20±0.30 specimens) in one section, and a smaller number in the muscles of the neck and intercostal muscles. CT and peptolysis of muscle tissue in artificial gastric juice used for postmortem diagnostics of trichinellosis caused by T. spiralis and T. рseudospiralis are quite reliable and allow for detecting infection sources and preventing dangerous zoonosis in humans. These methods can be used for trichinellosis research, including antigen production, studying the anthelmintic sensitivity in larvae, and as laboratory models.

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