Влияние инсектокомпоста, полученного при разведении жука чернотелки Ulomoides dermestoides, на эколого-трофический состав и развитие почвенных и фитопаразитических нематод

Цель исследований – изучить влияние инсектокомпоста, полученного в результате жизнедеятельности насекомых отряда жесткокрылых Ulomoides dermestoides, на количественный и качественный состав почвенных нематод различных эколого-трофических групп, а также на морфофизиологическое состояние растений и заражение галловыми нематодами растений томатов.

Материалы и методы. В лабораторных условиях вносили 1%-ный сухой и 0,5; 0,75 и 1%-ные водные растворы биокомпоста, полученного при содержании U. dermestoides на сухой питательной смеси, в грунт, содержащий разнообразную фауну нематод, затем засевали газонной смесью злаковых трав. Через 30 сут анализировали состав нематод. Возможность подавлять паразитические виды нематод инсектокомпоста исследовали на модельной системе томаты-галловая нематода. Томаты заражали Meloidogyne incognita в количестве 500 личинок второго возраста на растение и одновременно обрабатывали 0,5%-ным водным раствором биокомпоста.

Результаты и обсуждение. Инсектокомпост U. dermestoides оказывает действие на количественные и качественные показатели в сообществе почвенных нематод, повышая число хищных и сапробиотических нематод, вытесняя паразитических. За счет содержания разнообразных биологически активных соединений, влияет на развитие галловой нематоды в корнях томата. При обработке томатов водным раствором инсектокомпоста снижается балл заражения и число нематод, проникших в корни. Внесение компоста при выращивании смеси газонных трав и томатов позволяет улучшить состояние растений.

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