vniigisРоссийский паразитологический журналRussian Journal of Parasitology1998-84352541-7843ВНИИП – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВИЭВ РАН10.31016/1998-8435-2019-13-4-11-16vniigis-520Research ArticleЭПИЗООТОЛОГИЯ, ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ И МОНИТОРИНГ ПАРАЗИТАРНЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙEPIZOOTOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MONITORING OF PARASITIC DISEASESИзучение распространения и факторов риска желудочно-кишечных нематодозов у отдельных стад крупного рогатого скотаField Study on Prevalence and Risk Factors for Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Selected Herds of CattleБалицка-РамишА.Balicka-RamiszA.

Кафедра биотехнологии репродукции животных и гигиены окружающей среды

г. Щецин

Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environment Hygiene

Szczecin

abalicka52@gmail.comРамишА.RamiszA.

г. Щецин

Szczecin

ЛаурансЛ.LauransŁ.

Клиника инфекционных заболеваний, гепатологии и трансплантации печени

ул. Aрконска, 4, 71-455, г. Щецин

Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation

str. Arkońska 4, 71-455 Szczecin

ПиотровскийМ.PiotrowskiM.

г. Щецин

Szczecin

Западно-Поморский технический университетПольшаWest Pomerania University of TechnologyPolandПоморский медицинский университетПольшаPomeranian Medical UniversityPolandЗападно-Поморский технологический университетПольшаWest Pomerania University of TechnologyPoland2019231220191341116Copyright © Балицка-Рамиш А., Рамиш А., Лауранс Л., Пиотровский М., 20192019Балицка-Рамиш А., Рамиш А., Лауранс Л., Пиотровский М.Balicka-Ramisz A., Ramisz A., Laurans Ł., Piotrowski M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vniigis.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/520Цель исследований

Цель исследований: изучение зараженности крупного рогатого скота желудочно-кишечными нематодами в зависимости от направления продуктивности и сезона года.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Исследования проводили в 2014–2017 гг. в двух стадах мясного крупного рогатого скота (54 гол. выпасающихся и 53 гол. без выпаса) и двух стадах молочного скота из трех ферм (187 гол. выпасающихся), расположенных на северо-западе Польши. Животные не были дегельминтизированы. Пробы фекалий исследовали с января по декабрь количественным методом МакМастера.

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. Установлена высокая зараженность крупного рогатого скота смешанной инвазией, вызванной желудочно-кишечными нематодами. Наибольшая интенсивность заражения была выявлена в апреле, мае и июне. Экстенсивность инвазии варьировала от 58,31 до 92,53% в зависимости от типа фермы. Низкая зараженность отмечена в зимние месяцы: декабре–феврале. Мясной скот был инвазирован желудочно-кишечными нематодами в большей степени, что, вероятно, связано с тем, что мясной скот выпасают чаще. Увеличение числа яиц в фекалиях наблюдали одновременно с увеличением экстенсивности инвазии в весенние месяцы. В этот период в 1 г фекалий находили 359–468 яиц нематод. В летние месяцы отмечали небольшое уменьшение числа яиц в фекалиях – 416–325 яиц в 1 г фекалий. Повторное снижение числа яиц в фекалиях регистрировали в августе. После этого периода выделение яиц нематод уменьшалось. Температура и атмосферные осадки оказывают огромное влияние на распространение желудочно-кишечных нематодозов. Поэтому изучение динамики заражения эндопаразитами в годовом цикле имеет важный практический аспект при выборе сроков дегельминтизации.

The purpose of the research is study of the effect of productivity direction and season on cattle contamination with gastrointestinal nematodes.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Analyzing the criterion of animal husbandry system, two herds of meat cattle of blonde d'aquitaine meat breeds (54 individuals - grazing) of the Limousine breed (53 specimens – rearing without pasture) and two flocks of Holstein- Friesian dairy cattle from three farms (187 – with access to pastures) individuals located in north-western Poland. The research was carried out in 2014–2017. The animals were not dewormed. Attempts for parasitological examinations were collected from January to December from the handpiece or from the bedding immediately after defecation. The study was based on a quantitative method using the McMaster technique, which allowed the number of eggs to be determined in 1 g of feces.

Results and discussion

Results and discussion. A high percentage of cattle infection with a mixed infection of GIN was found. The greatest intensity of infection was demonstrated in April, May and June. In these months, the average degree of worming ranged from 58.31 to 92.53 % depending on the type of farm. The lowest level of infection was in winter months: December, January, February. Comparison of the prevalence of invasive endoparasites in dairy and beef cattle showed a higher extensiveness of infection in beef cattle. The increase in the number of eggs was observed along with the increase in the extensiveness of infection in the spring months. During this period, the EPG coefficient ranged from 359–468 eggs/gram. In summer months there was a slight decrease in the number of eggs in the faeces oscillated around 416–325 eggs/gram. Repeated egg expulsion was observed in August. After this period the excretion of eggs decreased. Microclimate factors, especially temperature and atmospheric precipitation, have a huge impact on the spread of helminthosis. Therefore, learning the exact dynamics of infection with endoparasites in an annual cycle has an important practical aspect in the selection of deworming dates.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.