<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vniigis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский паразитологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Parasitology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-8435</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-7843</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ВНИИП – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВИЭВ РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31016/1998-8435-2025-19-3-334-342</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vniigis-1339</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕЧЕНИЕ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TREATMENT AND PREVENTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Испытание твердой дисперсии альбендазола при гельминтозах молодняка крупного рогатого скота</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trials of solid dispersion of albendazole against helminthosis of young cattle</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5165-0706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архипов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhipov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Архипов Иван Алексеевич, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор, заместитель руководителя филиала по научной работе, заведующий лабораторией экспериментальной терапии</p><p>Researcher ID: U-5040-2018</p><p>Scopus ID: 12783579100</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arkhipov Ivan A., Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Deputy Head of Research, Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Therapy</p><p>Researcher ID: U-5040-2018</p><p>Scopus ID: 12783579100</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arkhipovhelm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9501-8165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гламаздин</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glamazdin</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гламаздин Игорь Игоревич, соискатель лаборатории экспериментальной терапии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Glamazdin Igor I., Researcher of the Laboratory of Experimental Therapy</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iiglamazdin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8364-5055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варламова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varlamova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Варламова Анастасия Ивановна, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной терапии</p><p>Researcher ID: F-9941-2014</p><p>Scopus ID: 56612429800</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Varlamova Anastasiуa I., Doctor of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Therapy</p><p>Researcher ID: F-9941-2014</p><p>Scopus ID: 56612429800</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arsphoeb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-5934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халиков</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalikov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халиков Салават Самадович, доктор технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологически активных фторорганических соединений</p><p>Researcher ID: T-2164-2018</p><p>Scopus ID: 57190865687</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khalikov Salavat S., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Physiologically Active Organofluorine Compounds</p><p>Researcher ID: T-2164-2018</p><p>Scopus ID: 57190865687</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khalikov_ss@ineos.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-8573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садов</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadov</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Садов Константин Михайлович, доктор ветеринарных наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>Кинель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sadov Konstantin M., Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Researcher</p><p>Kinel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotosok@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7119-906X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гламаздин</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glamazdin</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гламаздин Игорь Геннадьевич, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор кафедры ветеринарной медицины</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Glamazdin Igor I., Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor of the Department of Veterinary Medicine</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glamazdin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и прикладной паразитологии животных и растений – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр – Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной ветеринарии имени К. И. Скрябина и Я. Р. Коваленко Российской академии наук» (ВНИИП – фил. ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВИЭВ РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Centre VIEV"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт элементоорганических соединений им. А. Н. Несмеянова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Самарский государственный аграрный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Samara State Agrarian University»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian Biotechnological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>334</fpage><lpage>342</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Архипов И.А., Гламаздин И.И., Варламова А.И., Халиков С.С., Садов К.М., Гламаздин И.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Архипов И.А., Гламаздин И.И., Варламова А.И., Халиков С.С., Садов К.М., Гламаздин И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Arkhipov I.A., Glamazdin I.I., Varlamova A.I., Khalikov S.S., Sadov K.M., Glamazdin I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vniigis.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1339">https://vniigis.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1339</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследований – оценить антигельминтное действие твердой дисперсии (ТД) альбендазола (АБЗ) при основных гельминтозах молодняка крупного рогатого скота.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Опытные образцы ТД АБЗ получали методом механохимической обработки субстанции АБЗ и полимера – поливинилпирролидона в валковой мельнице LE-101 в соотношении 1 : 9 при уровне энергонапряженности 1 g в течение 4 ч при скорости вращения барабана 60–70 об./мин. Эффективность ТД АБЗ изучали на 60 головах молодняка крупного рогатого скота, спонтанно зараженных стронгилятами пищеварительного тракта. Животных разделили на 6 групп по 10 голов в каждой. Молодняку 1, 2 и 3-й опытных групп вводили внутрь ТД АБЗ в дозах соответственно 1,0; 2,0 и 3,0 мг/кг по ДВ. Животные 4 и 5-й групп получали базовый препарат – субстанцию альбендазола в дозах соответственно 2,0 и 7,5 мг/кг. Молодняк 6-й группы препарат не получал и служил контролем. Испытание ТД АБЗ при диктиокаулезе проводили на 28 головах и при мониезиозе на 30 головах молодняка крупного рогатого скота, которых разделили на 3 группы по 8-10 голов в каждой. Животным первых групп вводили ТД АБЗ в дозе 2 мг/кг по ДВ. Животные вторых опытных групп получали субстанцию АБЗ в дозе 2 мг/кг. Третьи группы служили контролем и не получали лечения. Эффективность препаратов определяли по результатам копроовоскопических исследований методом флотации до и через 18 сут после лечения, а при диктиокаулезе – по методу Бермана.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. При титрации терапевтической дозы ТД АБЗ при стронгилятозах пищеварительного тракта молодняка крупного рогатого скота установлена высокая (98,7–99,3%) эффективность препарата в дозе 2,0 мг/кг по ДВ. Эту дозу препарата рекомендуем как терапевтическую. Результаты испытания ТД АБЗ свидетельствуют о 99,4%-ной эффективности препарата при мониезиозе и 98,9%-ной активности при диктиокаулезе молодняка крупного рогатого скота в этой же дозе. Базовый препарат – субстанция АБЗ в дозе 7,5 мг/кг показал 97,8%-ный эффект при диктиокуалезе, 96,8%-ный – при мониезиозе и 86,2-89,8%-ный эффект при стронгилятозах пищеварительного тракта молодняка крупного рогатого скота.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the research is to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of solid dispersion (SD) of albendazole (ABZ) against the main helminthosis of young cattle.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Experimental samples of SD ABZ were obtained by mechanochemical treatment of albendazole substance and polymer – polyvinylpyrrolidone in a roller mill LE-101 in the ratio of 1 : 9 at an energy intensity level of 1 g for 4 hours at a drum rotation speed of 60–70 rpm. The efficacy of SD ABZ was studied on 60 young cattle naturally infected with gastrointestinal strongylates. The animals were divided into 6 groups of 10 heads each. SD ABZ was administered orally to young animals of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in doses of 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively, of active substance (AS). Animals of the 4th and 5th groups received the basic drug – albendazole substance in doses of 2.0 and 7.5 mg/kg, respectively. Young animals of the 6th group did not receive the drugs and served as a control. The trials of SD ABZ were conducted on 28 heads of cattle against dictyocaulosis and on 30 heads of young cattle against monieziosis, which were divided into 3 groups of 8-10 heads each. SD ABZ was administered to the animals of the first groups at a dose of 2 mg/kg of AS. The animals of the second experimental groups received the ABZ substance at a dose of 2 mg/kg. The third groups served as control and did not receive treatment. The efficacy of the drugs was determined based on the results of coproovoscopic studies using the flotation method before and 18 days after treatment, and using the Berman method in case of dictyocaulosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. A high efficacy of the drug (98.7–99.3%) was established at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg of AS at titrating the therapeutic dose of SD ABZ against gastrointestinal strongylatosis of young cattle. We recommend this dose of the drug as a therapeutic one. The results of the SD ABZ study indicate 99.4% efficacy of the drug against monieziosis and 98.9% activity against dictyocaulosis of young cattle at the same dose. The basic drug – ABZ substance at a dose of 7.5 mg/ kg showed 97.8% effect against dictyocaulosis, 96.8% - against monieziosis and 86.2–89.8% effect against gastrointestinal strongylatosis of young cattle.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>твердая дисперсия</kwd><kwd>альбендазол</kwd><kwd>механохимическая технология</kwd><kwd>стронгилятозы</kwd><kwd>мониезиоз</kwd><kwd>диктиокаулез</kwd><kwd>молодняк</kwd><kwd>крупный рогатый скот</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>solid dispersion</kwd><kwd>Albendazole</kwd><kwd>mechanochemical treatment</kwd><kwd>strongylatosis</kwd><kwd>monieziosis</kwd><kwd>dictyocaulosis</kwd><kwd>young cattle</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Программы фундаментальных научных исследований в Российской Федерации на долгосрочный период (2021–2030 гг.), составляющей основу государственного задания № FGUG-2025-0001 без привлечения дополнительных источников финансирования. Работа по получению препаратов выполнена в рамках Государственного задания № 075-00277-24-00 Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation for the Long-Term Period (2021-2030), which forms the basis of the state assignment No. FGUG- 2025-0001 without additional sources of funding. The work on obtaining the drugs was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment No. 075-00277-24-00 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архипов И. А. Эффективность вальбазена при фасциолезе, диктиокаулезе, мониезиозе и стронгилятозах желудочно-кишечного тракта овец // Бюллетень Всесоюзного института гель­минтологии. 1996. Вып. 56. С. 8–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arkhipov I. A. Efficiency of valbazen at fasciolosis, dictyocaulosis, monieziosis and strongylosis of the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. Bulletin of the All-Union Institute of Helminthology = Bulletin of the All-Union Institute of Helminthology. 1996; 56: 8–11. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архипов И. А. Этапы создания антигельминти­ков и перспективы развития эксперименталь­ной терапии гельминтозов животных в России // Российский паразитологический журнал. 2007. № 1. С. 67–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arkhipov I. A. Stages of creation of anthelmintics and prospects for the development of experimental therapy of helminthosis in animals in Russia. Rossiyskiy parazitologicheskiy zhurnal = Russian Journal of Parasitology. 2007; 1: 67–73. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архипов И. А. Антигельминтики: фармакология и применение. М.: Изд-во РАСХН, 2009. 409 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arkhipov I. A. Anthelmintics: pharmacology and application. Moscow: Publishing house of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2009; 409. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Котельников Г. А. Гельминтологические иссле­дования животных и окружающей среды. М.: Колос, 1984. 208 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotelnikov G. A. Helminthological studies of animals and the environment. M.: Kolos, 1984; 208. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сафиуллин Р. Т. Распространение и экономиче­ский ущерб от основных гельминтозов жвач­ных животных // Ветеринария. 1997. № 6. С. 28–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safiullin R. T. Spread and economic damage from the main helminthiases of ruminants. Veterïnarïya = Veterinary Medicine. 1997; 6: 28–32. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arundel A. A., Harmir A. N. Efficacy of albendazole against Fascioloides magna. Australian Veterinary Journal. 1982; 58 (1): 35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arundel A. A., Harmir A. N. Efficacy of albendazole against Fascioloides magna. Australian Veterinary Journal. 1982; 58 (1): 35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benz G. W., Ernst J. V. Anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole against adult Dictyocaulus viviparus in experimentally infected calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1978; 39 (7): 1107-1108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benz G. W., Ernst J. V. Anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole against adult Dictyocaulus viviparus in experimentally infected calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1978; 39 (7): 1107-1108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhongade H. G., Sarade D. B., Rode A. M., Sap-re V. A. Valbazen activity against mixhelminthoses of dairy cows. Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 1993; 13 (2): 75–76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhongade H. G., Sarade D. B., Rode A. M., Sapre V. A. Valbazen activity against mixhelminthoses of dairy cows. Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 1993; 13 (2): 75–76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chistyachenko Y. S., Meteleva E. S., Pakharukova M. Y., Katokhin A. V., Khvostov M. V., Varlamova A. I., Glamazdin I. I., Khalikov S. S., Polyakov N. E., Arkhipov I. A., Tolstikova T. G., Mordvinov V. A., Dushkin A. V., Lyakhov N. Z. A Physicochemical and Pharmacological Study of the Newly Synthesized Complex of Albendazole and the Polysaccharide Arabinogalactan from Larch Wood. Current Drug Delivery. 2015; 12 (5): 477-90. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567201812666150518094739</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chistyachenko Y. S., Meteleva E. S., Pakharuko-va M. Y., Katokhin A. V., Khvostov M. V., Varlamova A. I., Glamazdin I. I., Khalikov S. S., Polyakov N. E., Arkhipov I. A., Tolstikova T. G., Mordvinov V. A., Dushkin A. V., Lyakhov N. Z. A Physicochemical and Pharmacological Study of the Newly Synthesized Complex of Albendazole and the Polysaccharide Arabinogalactan from Larch Wood. Current Drug Delivery. 2015; 12 (5): 477-90. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567201812666150518094739</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ciordia H., McCampbell H. C., Stuedemann J. A. Cestodocidal activity of albendazole in calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1978; 39 (3): 517-518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ciordia H., McCampbell H. C., Stuedemann J. A. Cestodocidal activity of albendazole in calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1978; 39 (3): 517-518.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delatour P., Parish R. C., Gyurik R. J. Albendazole: a comparison of relay embryotoxicity with embryotoxicity of individual metabolites. Annals of Veterinary Research. 1981; 12 (2): 159-167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delatour P., Parish R. C., Gyurik R. J. Albendazole: a comparison of relay embryotoxicity with embryotoxicity of individual metabolites. Annals of Veterinary Research. 1981; 12 (2): 159-167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Islam M., Islam S., Howlader M. R., Lucky N. S. Comparative efficacy of Albendazole, Fenbendazole and Levamisole against gastrointestinal nematodiasis in cattle of Bangladesh. International Journal of Biological Research. 2015; 3 (1): 25-35. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v3i1.4301</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Islam M., Islam S., Howlader M. R., Lucky N. S. Comparative efficacy of Albendazole, Fenbendazole and Levamisole against gastrointestinal nematodiasis in cattle of Bangladesh. International Journal of Biological Research. 2015; 3 (1): 25-35. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v3i1.4301</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindemberg M., Kopp S., Dressman J. B. Classification of orally administered drugs on the World Health Organization Model list of Essential Medicines according to the biopharmaceutics classification system. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2004; 58 (2): 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.03.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindemberg M., Kopp S., Dressman J. B. Classification of orally administered drugs on the World Health Organization Model list of Essential Medicines according to the biopharmaceutics classification system. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2004; 58 (2): 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.03.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu W. D., Peng M., Cai J. Z., Lu G. Z, Zhao M. Y. Anthelmintic efficacy and toxicity of albendazole and ivermectin in yaks. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 1991; 21 (1): 44–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu W. D., Peng M., Cai J. Z., Lu G. Z, Zhao M. Y. Anthelmintic efficacy and toxicity of albendazole and ivermectin in yaks. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 1991; 21 (1): 44–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pinheiro A. C., Echevaria F. A. Effectiveness of valbazene against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. Veterinaria Brasileira. 1990; 10 (1-2): 1447-1449.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinheiro A. C., Echevaria F. A. Effectiveness of valbazene against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. Veterinaria Brasileira. 1990; 10 (1-2): 1447-1449.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talabi A. O., Oladoja M. A., Talabi A. M. A comparative study of albendazole and levamisole treatment of nematodes in cattle. African Journal of Livestock Extension. 2002; 1: 47–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talabi A. O., Oladoja M. A., Talabi A. M. A comparative study of albendazole and levamisole treatment of nematodes in cattle. African Journal of Livestock Extension. 2002; 1: 47–49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Theodorides V. J., Bell R. R., Chemey J. M., Ciordia H. Spectrum activity of albendazole. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary parasitology. Sydney. 1977; 3: 935.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Theodorides V. J., Bell R. R., Chemey J. M., Cior-dia H. Spectrum activity of albendazole. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary parasitology. Sydney. 1977; 3: 935.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Theodorides V. J., Freeman J. F. Efficacy of albendazole against Fasciola hepatica in cattle. Veterinary Record. 1980; 106 (4): 78-79. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.106.4.78</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Theodorides V. J., Freeman J. F. Efficacy of albendazole against Fasciola hepatica in cattle. Veterinary Record. 1980; 106 (4): 78-79. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.106.4.78</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasilev G. D. Schema of using of valbazene against helminthosis of cattle. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal. 1993; 24 (4): 121-148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilev G. D. Schema of using of valbazene against helminthosis of cattle. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal. 1993; 24 (4): 121-148.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams J., Sheehan D., Fuselier R. H. Effect of albendazole on gastrointestinal parasites of cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1984; 38 (12): 2037-2038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams J., Sheehan D., Fuselier R. H. Effect of albendazole on gastrointestinal parasites of cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1984; 38 (12): 2037-2038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wood I. B., Amaral N. K., Bairden K., Duncan J. L., Kassai T., Malone J. B. Jr., Pankavich J. A., Reine-cke R. K., Slocombe O., Taylor S. M., Vercruysse J. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) second edition of guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics in ruminants (bovine, ovine, caprine). Veterinary Parasitology. 1995; 58 (3): 181-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(95)00806-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wood I. B., Amaral N. K., Bairden K., Duncan J. L., Kassai T., Malone J. B. Jr., Pankavich J. A., Reine-cke R. K., Slocombe O., Taylor S. M., Vercruysse J. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) second edition of guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics in ruminants (bovine, ovine, caprine). Veterinary Parasitology. 1995; 58 (3): 181-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(95)00806-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
